Cellular Participants In Inflammation

Question 1

What two major white blood cell types do hematopoietic stem cells give rise to?

Answer 1

Granulocytes and agranulocytes

Question 2

What are examples of granulocytes?

Answer 2

Basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils (BEN)

Question 3

What are examples of agranulocytes?

Answer 3

Lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 4

What is leukocytosis?

Answer 4

High WBC count (Above 10000)

Question 5

What is leukopenia?

Answer 5

Low WBC count (Below 5000)

Question 6

During what reactions are eosinophils levels heightened?

Answer 6

Parasitic infection, allergic reactions, and Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Question 7

What is contained within the granules of eosinophils?

Answer 7

Histaminase

Question 8

What does histaminase break down? What cell releases it?

Answer 8

Histamine; released by eosinophils

Question 9

What white blood cell is involved in type one hypersensitivity reactions?

Answer 9

Basophils

Question 10

What white blood cell releases histamine and heparin?

Answer 10

Basophils

Question 11

What white blood cell is chiefly responsible for triggering anaphylaxis reactions?

Answer 11

Basophils

Question 12

What white blood cell is chiefly responsible for ending anaphylaxis reactions?

Answer 12

Eosinophils

Question 13

What is heparin? What cell releases it?

Answer 13

Anticoagulant released by basophils

Question 14

What white blood cell is present in the later stages of acute inflammation and all stages of chronic inflammation?

Answer 14

Macrophage

Question 15

What are kupffer cells?

Answer 15

macrophages in the liver

Question 16

What are histiocytes?

Answer 16

Tissue macrophages

Question 17

What are microgleal cells?

Answer 17

CNS macrophages

Question 18

What are osteoclasts?

Answer 18

Macrophages in bone

Question 19

What specific macrophage is present after a stroke?

Answer 19

Microgleal cells

Question 20

What do macrophages release that is unique to agranulocytes?

Answer 20

Cytokines

Question 21

What white blood cells release cytokines?

Answer 21

T lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+) and macrophages

Question 22

What are the two main types of lymphocytes?

Answer 22

T cells and B cells

Question 23

Where are T lymphocytes made?

Answer 23

Thymus

Question 24

Where are B lymphocytes made?

Answer 24

Bone marrow

Question 25

What type of immunity are T lymphocytes responsible for?

Answer 25

Cell-mediated immunity

Question 26

What are the two main types of T lymphocytes?

Answer 26

CD4+ helper T cells; CD8+ cytotoxic T cells

Question 27

What is the function of CD4+ T cells?

Answer 27

• Helper and inducer T cells that regulate and secrete cytokines
• Master conductor

Question 28

What T cell type is destroyed in patients with AIDS?

Answer 28

CD4+ T cells

Question 29

What is the function of CD8+ T cells?

Answer 29

• Cytotoxic and suppressor T cells that secrete cytokines that cause a cell to lyse and burst
• Suppresses the immune system until foreign antigens are detected

Question 30

What lymphocyte is responsible for humoral immunity?

Answer 30

B cells

Question 31

What is a plasma cell?

Answer 31

B lymphocyte that has been antigen-stimulated to produce antibodies (IgE, IgA, IgD, IgG, IgM)

Question 32

What is a memory cell?

Answer 32

B lymphocyte that produces antibodies for storage against specific diseases and pathogens

Question 33

What stimulates plasma cells to synthesize antibodies?

Answer 33

Cytokines