Cellular Participants In Inflammation Flashcards
What two major white blood cell types do hematopoietic stem cells give rise to?
Granulocytes and agranulocytes
What are examples of granulocytes?
Basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils (BEN)
What are examples of agranulocytes?
Lymphocytes and monocytes
What is leukocytosis?
High WBC count (Above 10000)
What is leukopenia?
Low WBC count (Below 5000)
During what reactions are eosinophils levels heightened?
Parasitic infection, allergic reactions, and Hodgkin’s lymphoma
What is contained within the granules of eosinophils?
Histaminase
What does histaminase break down? What cell releases it?
Histamine; released by eosinophils
What white blood cell is involved in type one hypersensitivity reactions?
Basophils
What white blood cell releases histamine and heparin?
Basophils
What white blood cell is chiefly responsible for triggering anaphylaxis reactions?
Basophils
What white blood cell is chiefly responsible for ending anaphylaxis reactions?
Eosinophils
What is heparin? What cell releases it?
Anticoagulant released by basophils
What white blood cell is present in the later stages of acute inflammation and all stages of chronic inflammation?
Macrophage
What are kupffer cells?
macrophages in the liver
What are histiocytes?
Tissue macrophages
What are microgleal cells?
CNS macrophages
What are osteoclasts?
Macrophages in bone
What specific macrophage is present after a stroke?
Microgleal cells
What do macrophages release that is unique to agranulocytes?
Cytokines
What white blood cells release cytokines?
T lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+) and macrophages
What are the two main types of lymphocytes?
T cells and B cells
Where are T lymphocytes made?
Thymus
Where are B lymphocytes made?
Bone marrow
What type of immunity are T lymphocytes responsible for?
Cell-mediated immunity
What are the two main types of T lymphocytes?
CD4+ helper T cells; CD8+ cytotoxic T cells
What is the function of CD4+ T cells?
- Helper and inducer T cells that regulate and secrete cytokines
- Master conductor
What T cell type is destroyed in patients with AIDS?
CD4+ T cells
What is the function of CD8+ T cells?
- Cytotoxic and suppressor T cells that secrete cytokines that cause a cell to lyse and burst
- Suppresses the immune system until foreign antigens are detected
What lymphocyte is responsible for humoral immunity?
B cells
What is a plasma cell?
B lymphocyte that has been antigen-stimulated to produce antibodies (IgE, IgA, IgD, IgG, IgM)
What is a memory cell?
B lymphocyte that produces antibodies for storage against specific diseases and pathogens
What stimulates plasma cells to synthesize antibodies?
Cytokines
