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NYCC Physiopathology > Necrosis & Heat Shock Proteins > Flashcards

Necrosis & Heat Shock Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

What is necrosis?

A

Pathological, unregulated cell death in living tissue causing the release of intracellular contents leading to inflammation

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2
Q

What two processes are involved in necrosis of a cell?

A

Denaturing of proteins and enzymatic digestion of organelles

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3
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

Regulated, programmed physiological cell death where the cells own enzymes degrade proteins and the cell is removed by phagocytosis

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4
Q

What are the causes of apoptosis?

A

Embryogenesis
Hormone-dependent involution in the adult
Cell deletion in populations of cells with normal turnover (eg. Skin, uterine lining)

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5
Q

What is the morphological pattern of death by apoptosis?

A

Cell shrinkage
Chromatin condensation
Apoptotic bodies (blebbing)
Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells

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6
Q

What form of cell death plays a role in the pathogenesis of neoplasms?

A

Apoptosis

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7
Q

What are the major differences between necrosis and apoptosis?

A

Apoptosis = Regulated, normal cell death, Membrane remains intact

Necrosis = Pathological, unregulated cell death
- Membrane bursts leading to release of intracellular contents
- CAUSES INFLAMMATION

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8
Q

What is coagulative necrosis?

A

Cell death due to ischemia where the outline of the cell remains for days as organelles fade

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9
Q

What is the only form of infarct or ischemia that causes liquefactive necrosis?

A

Cerebral infarct (stroke)

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10
Q

What is liquefactive necrosis?

A
  • Cell death due to a microbial infection such as a bacterial or fungal infection
  • often causes abscesses and high PMNs (Neutrophils) and results in loss of cell architecture
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11
Q

What pathologies does liquefactive necrosis occur in?

A

Bacterial pneumonia, cerebral infarct (Stroke), acute bacterial meningitis

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12
Q

Liquefactive necrosis is often associated with what morphological pattern of inflammation?

A

Suppurative

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13
Q

What is an abscess?

A

A walled off area of liquefactive necrosis by fibrous connective tissue

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14
Q

What type of white blood cell is commonly present in liquefactive necrosis?

A

Neutrophil (PMNs)

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15
Q

What is gangrenous necrosis?

A
  • Death of body tissue due to loss of blood flow commonly followed by a bacterial infection (wet gangrene) usually in the extremities (feet, hands, legs, arms)
  • characterized by conspicuous colour change
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16
Q

What patient population may be at a higher risk for gangrenous necrosis in their legs and feet?

A

Diabetics

17
Q

What is caseous necrosis?

A

Granulomatous inflammation which on the gross appearance gives a cheese-like, yellowish crumbly appearance

18
Q

What is enzymatic fat necrosis?

A
  • Digestive, enzymatic destruction of adipose cells
  • necrosis characterized by fat
19
Q

What pathology is enzymatic fat necrosis most commonly occurring in?

A

Pancreatitis

20
Q

What morphological description can be used to describe enzymatic fat necrosis?

A

Suponification

21
Q

Where can enzymatic fat necrosis occur besides the pancreas?

A

Breast and adipose tissue directly

22
Q

What is leukopenia?

A

Low white blood cell count under 5000

23
Q

What is leukocytosis?

A

High white blood cell count above 10000

24
Q

What can leukocytosis indicate?

A

Infection, cancer

25
Q

What are heat shock proteins?

A

Proteins involved in adaptation to stressful/injurious stimuli that play an important role in normal cell metabolism and are essential for survival

26
Q

When are heat shock proteins induced?

A

During myocardial infarction and cerebral ischemia

27
Q

Increased release of heat shock proteins would (Increase/Decrease) cell death and injury?

A

Decrease

28
Q

What are examples of heat shock proteins?

A

HSP 60, HSP 70, and ubiquitin

29
Q

What are HSP 60 and HSP 70 known as?

A

Chaperonins

30
Q

What is the function of HSP 60 and HSP 70?

A

Protein folding and targeting to final destination

31
Q

What is the function of ubiquitin?

A

Facilitates degradation of proteins

NYCC Physiopathology (28 decks)

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