Plant Reproduction Flashcards
Explain reproduction
The formation of new individuals
Explain asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction is the formation of offspring from only one parent
Explain a method of asexual reproduction
Runner is a method ex, starwberries. Runners spread out from parent plant and new plants begin to form along this runner
Name the two types of reproduction that can be used for plant reproduction
Asexual and sexual
Give the function of the sepals on a plants flower
Protects flower as a bud
Give the function of the petals on a plants flower
Protects internal parts of the flower and can be bright to attract insects
Give the function of the carpel on a plants flower
Female part of the flower which produces an egg cell
Female gamete is the nucleus of the egg cell.
Can be more than one in a flower
Give the function of the stamen on a plants flower
Male part of flower that produces pollen grains
Nucleus of pollen grain is the male gamete
Is often a lot of stamen in the flower
Explain briefly what the filament and the anther are in the stamen of a flower
Filament: stalk that supports stamen in flower and makes it tall so it can be pollinated easier
Anther: make pollen grains
Explain the function of the stigma as a part of the carpel
Acts as a landing area for the pollen
Explain the function of the style in the carpel of a flower
Connects stigma to ovary
Explain the function of the ovary in the carpel of a flower
Contains ovules which each produce an egg. Fertilisation takes place here
Give the five stages of the sexual reproduction of a plant
- Pollintaion
- Fertilistaion
- Seed/fruit formation
- Seed/fruit dispersion
- Germination
Explain pollination
The transfer of pollen from a stamen to a carpel
How does pollination happen for plants
Pollination happens because of the wind, insects(bees etc…) and other animals
Explain fertilisation
The fusing of a female and a male gamete to form a zygote
Explain how fertilisation happens in plants
If pollen grain of the same species lands on the stigma, pollen forms a tube
Male gamete(nucleus of pollen) travels down tube and joins with the female egg in the ovule to form a zygote
Zygote will grow to form a seed
What occurs during the formarion of a seed and fruit
The zygote forms into an embryo as a part of a seed. Ovary can develop into a fruit after seed is formed
What does the fruit do
Surrounds the seed and attracts animals
What are the three main parts of an embryo and what are they
Plumule- forms future shoot
Radicle- forms future root
Testa- hard outercoat on a seed
Explain dispersal
The carrying of the seed as far as possible from the parent plant to reduce competition.
What would plants compete for the most of naturally
Light
Space
Water
Minerals
Name four types of dispersion
Animal dispersion
Wind dispersion
Self dispersion
Water dispersion
Explain with an example of a seed animal dispersion
Dispersed by animals eating them or sticking to them
Ex. Blackberries
Explain with an example of a seed wind dispersion
Small light seeds carried by the wind elsewhere
Ex. Dandelion
Explain with an example of a seed water dispersion
Seeds located beside water float and carried on the water
Ex. Cocunut
Explain with an example of a seed self dispersion
Or exploding dispersal, fruits burst open scattering seeds
Ex. Peas
Explain germination
The growth of a seed to from a new plant
What conditions are needed for germination
Water
Oxygen
Suitable temperature
What are the main events of germination as a process
Food from the seed allows root and shoot to grow
The radicle/root grows down into soil
The shoot grows up to the air
Shoot sprouts green leaves when it emerges and begins to photosynthesise making the seedling independent
In the experiment to investigate the conditions needed for germination to occur explain what is in each test tube
Test tube 1(20°):wet cotton wool, seeds, stopper
Test tube 2(20°):dry cotton wool, seeds, stopper
Test tube 3(20°):cotton wool, seeds, boiled cooled water, layer of oil, stopper
Test tube 4(4°): wet cotton wool, seeds, stopper
Why does germination only take place in test tube one in the experiment to investigate the conditions needed for germination to occur
Test tube 1(20°):all conditions present
Test tube 2(20°):lacking water
Test tube 3(20°):lacking oxygen
Test tube 4(4°): lacking a suitable temperature
