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JC Science > Biology Definitions > Flashcards

Biology Definitions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Balanced diet

A

A diet containing the right amount of food from the six types of food

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2
Q

Digestion

A

The breakdown of food into small pieces

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3
Q

Absorption

A

Digested food passing into the bloodstream

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4
Q

Peristaltis

A

Waves of muscular action to push food down the oesophagus

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5
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Breakdown of food using enzymes

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6
Q

Physical digestion

A

Breakdown of food using teeth etc.

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7
Q

Enzyme

A

Proteins made in body which speed up chemical reactions without being used up

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8
Q

Substrate

A

Substance that the enzyme acts on

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9
Q

Product

A

Substance produced as result of an enzyme

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10
Q

Response

A

Reaction to a stimulus in the environment

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11
Q

Respiration

A

Process of releasing energy from food

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12
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

Uses oxygen to release energy from food

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13
Q

Ecology

A

Study of relationships between plants and animals in their natural habitat

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14
Q

Ecosystem

A

All the plants and animals in an area interacting with each other in their environment

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15
Q

Decomposers

A

Organisms that feed on dead plants and animals

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16
Q

Food chains

A

Lists of organisms in which each organism is eaten by the next one in the chain

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17
Q

Adaptation

A

A structure or habit that helps an organism to survive in its habitat

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18
Q

Interdependence

A

How living living things depend on each other for survival

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19
Q

Conservation

A

Protection and management of natural resources to prevent livings things from becoming extinct

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20
Q

Sensory system

A

Makes us aware of our surroundings and allows us to respond

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21
Q

Stimulus

A

Causes us to take an action called a response

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22
Q

Joint

A

Where bones meet

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23
Q

Synovial fluid

A

A liquid that allows joints to move more freely

24
Q

Cartilage

A

This covers the ends of bones and reduces friction

25
Q

Tendons

A

Connects muscles to bones

26
Q

Ligaments

A

Connect bone to bone

27
Q

Antagonistic pairs

A

Two muscles which pull together in separate directions

28
Q

Puberty

A

The time in a persons life when they become sexually mature

29
Q

Reproduction

A

The production of new individuals

30
Q

Gametes

A

Sex cells

31
Q

Umbilical cord

A

Connects placenta to baby at the bellybutton

32
Q

Ejaculation

A

Release of semen from the penis

33
Q

Contraception

A

The prevention of fertilisation

34
Q

Implantation

A

The group of cells burying themselves in the lining of the uterus

35
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The way in which green plants make their own food

36
Q

Stomata

A

Tiny openings on the undersides of leaves

37
Q

Xylem

A

Tubes through the stem of a plant that water and dissolved minerals go through

38
Q

Phloem

A

Tubes that food travel through

39
Q

Chlorophyll

A

A green pigment made by plants that absorbs light

40
Q

Tropism

A

A change in the growth of a plant in response to a stimulus

41
Q

Phototropism

A

The change in growth of a plant in response to light

42
Q

Geotropism

A

The change in growth of a plant in response to gravity

43
Q

Transpiration

A

The loss of water from a plant

44
Q

Transpiration stream

A

The flow of water from the roots of the stands and into the leaves

45
Q

Pollination

A

The transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma

46
Q

Fertilisation in plants

A

The union of the nucleus of the pollen grain with the nucleus of an egg

47
Q

Germination

A

The resumption of growth after a period of dormancy

48
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

The formation of new individuals from the cells of a single parent

49
Q

Biotechnology

A

The use of living things or parts of living things to make useful products

50
Q

Micro organisms

A

Small living things also known as microbes

51
Q

Antibiotics

A

Chemicals made by microorganisms which kill or prevent the growth of bacteria

52
Q

Microbiology

A

The study of microorganisms

53
Q

Viruses

A

The smallest micro organisms that can exist

54
Q

Chromosomes

A

Thread like structures made of DNA and protein found in the nucleus of cells

55
Q

Genetics

A

The study of how traits or characteristics are inherited

56
Q

Genes

A

Short sections of DNA on chromosomes

JC Science (53 decks)

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