plant repro Flashcards
what is asexual repro
a process resulting in the production of genetically
identical offspring from one parent
what is an example of binary fission
Bacteria produce exact genetic copies of themselves in a type of asexual reproduction called binary fission
what are the adv of asexual reproduction?
POPULATION CAN BE INCREASED RAPIDLY WHEN CONDITIONS ARE RIGHT
CAN EXPLOIT SUITABLE ENVIRONMENTS QUICKLY
MORE TIME AND ENERGY EFFICIENT
MUCH FASTER THAN SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
what are the disadv of asexual reproduction?
LIMITED GENETIC VARIATION IN THE POPULATION - OFFSPRING ARE GENETICALLY IDENTICAL TO THEIR PARENTS
POPULATION IS VULNERABLE TO CHANGES IN CONDITIONS AND MAY ONLY BE SUITED FOR ONE HABITAT
DISEASE IS LIKELY TO AFFECT THE WHOLE POPULATION AS THERE IS NO GENETIC VARIATION
adv of asexual repro in crop plants
a plant that has good characteristics (high yield, disease-resistant, hardy) can be made to reproduce asexually and the entire crop will show the same characteristics.
what is sexual repro
a process involving the fusion of the nuclei of two gametes to form a zygote and the production of offspring that are genetically different from each other
what is fertilization
the fusion of the nuclei of gametes, when a pollen nucleus fuses with an ovum nucleus in the ovule
what is a gamete
in plants
in animals
gamete is a sex cell
in animals, sperm for male, ovum for female
in plants, the pollen nucleus for male, ovule for female
what type of nucleus do gametes have and why
haploid nucleus as it has half the number of chromosomes
what are the adv of sexual repro
INCREASES GENETIC VARIATION
THE SPECIES CAN ADAPT TO NEW ENVIRONMENTS DUE TO VARIATION, GIVING THEM A SURVIVAL ADV
DISEASE IS LESS LIKELY TO AFFECT POPULATION (DUE TO VARIATION)
what are the disadv of sexual repro
TAKES TIME AND ENERGY TO FIND MATES
DIFFICULT FOR ISOLATED MEMBERS OF THE SPECIES TO REPRODUCE
adv of sexual repro in crop plants
variation is increased and a genetic variant may be produced which is better able to cope with weather changes, or produces a significantly higher yield
disadv of sexual repro in crop plants
variation may lead to offspring that are less successful than
the parent plant at growing well or producing a good harvest
what is the sexual organ of the plant
the flower
what is the male gamete of the plant
pollen
diff between sperm and pollen
pollen isnt locomotive sperm is
what is pollination
the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma