plant nutrition Flashcards
What are the two tissues that transport nutrition within a plant
Xylem
Phloem
What are the characteristics of xylem
only one way transfer
Only water
transfers minerals and water
what is photosynthesis
process by which plants take inorganic materials (co2, water, minerals) and converting it to organic molecules (glucose) in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight
equation of photosynthesis
6co2 + 6h2o –>(sunlight, chlorophyll) c6h12o6
what are the 3 main steps in photosynthesis
1) absorption of sunlight by chlorophyll
2)light energy is converted to chemical energy
(that chemical energy is used in splitting of water molecule into h2 and o2)
3)hydrogen will reduce the co2 to produce glucose to make starch
what is chlorophyll
is a green pigment present in the chloroplasts of the leaves in a plant. helps to do photosynthesis by conversion of inorganic substances to organic substances
what are the by products of photosynthesis
oxygen, water and glucose
how is the glucose formed after photosynthesis transported throughout the plant
through the phloem vessel
what is a limiting factor
a variable that is in short supply and limits the rate of a particular reaction
adaptions of leaves
large surface area to absorb more light
thin body to help co2 diffuse faster
stomata allows co2 to diffuse into the leaf and out
difference between spongy mesophyll and pallisade mesophyll cells
Palisade mesophyll cells are elongate and form a layer beneath the upper epidermis, whereas spongy mesophyll cells are internal to the lower epidermis. All mesophyll cells contain large populations of chloroplasts, which enable the leaf to carry out photosynthetic carbon assimilation
what is conduction
process of transporting water and salts upwards through xylem and food in upwards and downward directions through phloem is called conduction
how can you test a leaf for starch
iodine test, if solution becomes blue then leaf has starch
what is the order of the structures in a leaf
cuticle upper epidermis palisade mesophyll spongy mesophyll (xylem and phloem are found in this layer) lower epidermis guard cell
From which part of a leaf does most water evaporate during transpiration?
spongy mesophyll cells
Which substances are transported in the phloem?
amino acids and sucrose
Which two substances are needed for photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide and water
which cell in a plant has the most chloroplasts in the cell
palisade mesophyll cell
which cell in a plant has the least number of chloroplasts
guard cell
in a palisade which cell organelle has starch
chloroplast
Which form of energy is stored within glucose molecules made during photosynthesis?
chemical energy
What does photosynthesis form in a leaf first?
sugar
Which element is found in a molecule of chlorophyll?
magnesium
What does a plant make with the nitrates it absorbs?
proteins
function of chloroplasts
trap light energy
adaptations of root hair cells
- contain lots of mitochondria to help with active -transport
- thin cell wall
- highly concentrated (less water) cytoplasm to maintain concentration to allow water to diffuse in
- root hairs increase surface area to allow for uptake of water and mineral ions
function of root hair cell
uptake of water/minerals and nutrients
how is the xylem adapted to its function
no top and bottom walls between xylem vessels so that there is a continuous column of water running through it
cells are dead with no organelles or cytoplasm to allow free passage of water
walls contain lignin to help support the plant
Describe how mineral ions pass from the soil into the root hair cell.
active transport, against a concentration gradient using energy from respiration (mitochondria of the root hair cell)
what happens to a plant leaf when there is a magnesium deficiency and what is the cause
leaf becomes yellow
decreased chlorophyll production
