characteristics and characteristics of living organisms Flashcards
7 characteristics of all living things
MRS GREN movement respiration sensitivity growth reproduction excretion nutrition
what is movement
an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place.
what is respiration
describes the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism
what is sensitivity
the ability to detect or sense stimuli in the internal or external environment and to make appropriate responses
what is growth
is a permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both
what is excretion
is the removal from organisms of the waste products of metabolism (chemical reactions in cells including respiration)
what is nutrition
the taking in of materials for energy, growth and development. Plants require light, carbon dioxide, water and ions. Animals need organic compounds and ions and usually need water
what is a species
group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring
what is binomial nomenclature
is an internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and the species.
what is a genus
Closely related species are grouped into a genus (plural: genera). For example, stoats, weasels and polecats are grouped into the genus Mustela.
what are the 2 parts of the binomial nomenclature naming system
genus and species
genus is always in capital letter and species is lowercase
eg Homo sapien
what are the 5 kingdoms
animal plant fungi protist monera (prokaryote)
what is the 3 domain scheme
archaea
eubacteria
eukarya
what is the animal kingdom
Animals are multicellular organisms whose cells have no cell walls or chloroplasts. Most animals ingest solid food and digest it internally.
how many phyllum are in the animal kingdom
23
what are arthropods
what are some characteristics
The arthropods include the crustacea, insects, centipedes, and spiders
arthropods have jointed limbs and a hard skeleton known as a cuticle
three segments of the body, head thorax and abdomen
segments have flexible joints
types of crustaceans
marine crustacea, freshwater crustacea, land-dwelling crustacea
characteristics of crustaceans
exo skeleton jointed legs on each segment of the body two pairs of antennae segmented body (cephalon, thorax, abdomen) compound eyes
what are the characteristics of the insect kingdom
segmented bodies (head thorax abdomen) with a firm exoskeleton
three pairs of jointed legs
compound eyes
two pairs of wings
what is the order of taxonomy
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
what are invertebrates
invertebrate is a cold-blooded animal with no backbone
what are vertebrates
an animal of a large group distinguished by the possession of a backbone or spine
examples of invertebrates
spider, octopus
examples of vertebrates
snakes, dog
what are the 8 classes of invertebrates
Protozoa Porifera Coelenterata Platyhelminthes Nematoda Annelida Echinodermata Mollusca Arthropoda.
characteristics of mammals
fur/hair on skin placenta mammary glands external ears (pinna) endothermic
characteristics of birds
skin covered in feathers have 2 legs and wings lay eggs on land have a beak endothermic
characteristics of reptiles
dry, fixed scales on skin
lay eggs with rubbery shell on land
characteristics of amphibians
smooth, moist skin
adult amphibians usually live on land
larvae live in water
lay eggs without shells in water
characteristics of fish
loose, wet scales on skin
gills to breathe
lay eggs without shells in water
features of myriapods
many segments of body
each segment has 1 pair of jointed legs
1 pair of antennae
features of insects
3 part body (head, thorax, abdomen)
3 pairs of jointed legs
2 pairs of wings
1 pair of antennae
features of arachnids
2 part body (cephalothorax, abdomen)
4 pairs of jointed legs
no antennae
differences between monocot and dicot plants
monocots have parallel veins. flower part in 3s
dicots have a network of veins. flower part in 4s/5s
what do classification systems aim to reflect
Evolutionary relationships
what are sequences in the base pairings of dna used for
means of classification
groups of organisms which share a more recent ancestor have base sequences in DNA that are more similar than those that share only a distant ancestor
how are fungi adapted to obtain food
feeding hyphae
branching
produce enzyme
large surface area
absorb food
Explain how the fungus spreads to new sources of food.
spores carried in the wind
features of mollusc
muscular foot
shell
definition of development
increase in complexity of the organism
features of prokaryotes
have a cell wall
no nucleus
have dna
no membrane-bound cell organelles
mammals features vs fish
mammals have double circulatory system
lungs
which group has fish and mammals
vertebrates
describe the type of evidence that scientists use for classifying organisms
traditionally classification was based on morphology and anatomy
modern classification methods use analysing base sequences of DNA
similarities in the base sequences sho recent ancestors which show an evolutionary relationship
what are prokaryotes and what do they consist of
Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that lack a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
have cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, loop of DNA
diff between plant cells and prokaryotes
plant cells do not have flagella, plasmids or a loop of DNA
plant cells have membrane-bound organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts and nucleus)
what is an organelle-specific only to viruses
protein coat
