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characteristics and characteristics of living organisms Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

7 characteristics of all living things

A 
MRS GREN
movement
respiration
sensitivity
growth
reproduction
excretion
nutrition
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2
Q

what is movement

A

an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place.

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3
Q

what is respiration

A

describes the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism

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4
Q

what is sensitivity

A

the ability to detect or sense stimuli in the internal or external environment and to make appropriate responses

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5
Q

what is growth

A

is a permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both

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6
Q

what is excretion

A

is the removal from organisms of the waste products of metabolism (chemical reactions in cells including respiration)

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7
Q

what is nutrition

A

the taking in of materials for energy, growth and development. Plants require light, carbon dioxide, water and ions. Animals need organic compounds and ions and usually need water

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8
Q

what is a species

A

group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

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9
Q

what is binomial nomenclature

A

is an internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and the species.

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10
Q

what is a genus

A

Closely related species are grouped into a genus (plural: genera). For example, stoats, weasels and polecats are grouped into the genus Mustela.

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11
Q

what are the 2 parts of the binomial nomenclature naming system

A

genus and species
genus is always in capital letter and species is lowercase
eg Homo sapien

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12
Q

what are the 5 kingdoms

A 
animal
plant
fungi
protist
monera (prokaryote)
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13
Q

what is the 3 domain scheme

A

archaea
eubacteria
eukarya

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14
Q

what is the animal kingdom

A

Animals are multicellular organisms whose cells have no cell walls or chloroplasts. Most animals ingest solid food and digest it internally.

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15
Q

how many phyllum are in the animal kingdom

A

23

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16
Q

what are arthropods

what are some characteristics

A

The arthropods include the crustacea, insects, centipedes, and spiders
arthropods have jointed limbs and a hard skeleton known as a cuticle
three segments of the body, head thorax and abdomen
segments have flexible joints

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17
Q

types of crustaceans

A

marine crustacea, freshwater crustacea, land-dwelling crustacea

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18
Q

characteristics of crustaceans

A 
exo skeleton
jointed legs on each segment of the body
two pairs of antennae
segmented body (cephalon, thorax, abdomen)
compound eyes
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19
Q

what are the characteristics of the insect kingdom

A

segmented bodies (head thorax abdomen) with a firm exoskeleton
three pairs of jointed legs
compound eyes
two pairs of wings

20
Q

what is the order of taxonomy

A 
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
21
Q

what are invertebrates

A

invertebrate is a cold-blooded animal with no backbone

22
Q

what are vertebrates

A

an animal of a large group distinguished by the possession of a backbone or spine

23
Q

examples of invertebrates

A

spider, octopus

24
Q

examples of vertebrates

A

snakes, dog

25
Q

what are the 8 classes of invertebrates

A 
Protozoa
Porifera
Coelenterata
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Annelida
Echinodermata
Mollusca 
Arthropoda.
26
Q

characteristics of mammals

A 
fur/hair on skin
placenta
mammary glands
external ears (pinna)
endothermic
27
Q

characteristics of birds

A 
skin covered in feathers
have 2 legs and wings
lay eggs on land
have a beak
endothermic
28
Q

characteristics of reptiles

A

dry, fixed scales on skin

lay eggs with rubbery shell on land

29
Q

characteristics of amphibians

A

smooth, moist skin
adult amphibians usually live on land
larvae live in water
lay eggs without shells in water

30
Q

characteristics of fish

A

loose, wet scales on skin
gills to breathe
lay eggs without shells in water

31
Q

features of myriapods

A

many segments of body
each segment has 1 pair of jointed legs
1 pair of antennae

32
Q

features of insects

A

3 part body (head, thorax, abdomen)
3 pairs of jointed legs
2 pairs of wings
1 pair of antennae

33
Q

features of arachnids

A

2 part body (cephalothorax, abdomen)
4 pairs of jointed legs
no antennae

34
Q

differences between monocot and dicot plants

A

monocots have parallel veins. flower part in 3s

dicots have a network of veins. flower part in 4s/5s

35
Q

what do classification systems aim to reflect

A

Evolutionary relationships

36
Q

what are sequences in the base pairings of dna used for

A

means of classification

groups of organisms which share a more recent ancestor have base sequences in DNA that are more similar than those that share only a distant ancestor

37
Q

how are fungi adapted to obtain food

A

feeding hyphae
branching
produce enzyme
large surface area
absorb food

38
Q

Explain how the fungus spreads to new sources of food.

A

spores carried in the wind

39
Q

features of mollusc

A

muscular foot
shell

40
Q

definition of development

A

increase in complexity of the organism

41
Q

features of prokaryotes

A

have a cell wall
no nucleus
have dna
no membrane-bound cell organelles

42
Q

mammals features vs fish

A

mammals have double circulatory system
lungs

43
Q

which group has fish and mammals

A

vertebrates

44
Q

describe the type of evidence that scientists use for classifying organisms

A

traditionally classification was based on morphology and anatomy
modern classification methods use analysing base sequences of DNA
similarities in the base sequences sho recent ancestors which show an evolutionary relationship

45
Q

what are prokaryotes and what do they consist of

A

Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that lack a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

have cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, loop of DNA

46
Q

diff between plant cells and prokaryotes

A

plant cells do not have flagella, plasmids or a loop of DNA
plant cells have membrane-bound organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts and nucleus)

47
Q

what is an organelle-specific only to viruses

A

protein coat

bio (29 decks)

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