cells Flashcards
how many cell organelles are there in an animal cell
6
what are all the 6 cell organelles in the animal cell
nucleus ribosome endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus mitochondria cytoplasm
what is the function of the nucleus
the nucleus stores the cell’s DNA
controls the activities of the cells (growth and metabolism)
what is the function of the ribosomes
protein synthesis
what is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum
the function is to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function
what is the function of the golgi apparatus
protein processing and sorting for further transporting
what is the function of the mitochondria
membrane-bound cell organelles that generate chemical energy needed to power the cell
powerhouse of the cell
what are the cell organelles specific to the plant cell
cell wall
chloroplasts
large vacuole
what are the 3 parts the cell has been divided into
cell membrane
cytoplasm
Nucleus
where in the cell are organelles present
cytoplasm
what does the cell membrane help with
active transport
what is formed by a group of xylem vessels
a tissue
what are the functions of chloroplasts
site of photosynthesis (helps providing food for plants)
store for starch
absorb light for photosynthesis
what are the functions of the vacuole
contains cell sap
used to store materials
helps support shape of cell
function of vesicles
used to safely transport substances
what are the functions of the ciliated cells
movement of the mucus in the trachea and bronchi
what are the adaptations of the ciliated cells
extensions of the cytoplasm at the surface of the cell form hair like structures known as cilia which beat to move mucus and trapped particles in the throat
what are the functions of the nerve cell
conduction of impulses
what are adaptations of the nerve cells
has extensions and branches known as dendrites that help transfer the impulse from nerve cell to nerve cell
what is the function of the sperm cell
reproduction
what are the adaptations of the sperm cells
head contains genetic material for fertilisation in a haploid nucleus (containing half the number of chromosomes
acrosome in the head contains digestive enzyme so that the sperm can penetrate the egg
packed with mitochondria to release energy needed to swim and fertilise the egg
tail enables sperm to swim
what is the function of the red blood cell
to transport oxygen
what are the adaptations of RBCs
biconcave disc increases surface area to allow for diffusion
contains haemoglobin which joins with oxygen to transport it
contains no nucleus to increase space inside cell to be able to carry more oxygen/haemoglobin
what is the function of the egg cell
reproduction
how is the egg cell adapted to its function
contains many cytoplasm which has nutrients which encourage the growth of the embryo
haploid nucleus contains the other half of the chromosomes for fertilisation
cell membrane changes after fertilisation by a single sperm so that no more sperm can enter
how are palisade mesophyll cells adapted to their function
have many chloroplasts for maximum photosynthesis
what are characteristics of prokaryotes
single celled, no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles
from simplest structure to most complex in the human body
cell
tissue
organ
organ system
what are 2 distinguishing features of prokaryotes
no nucleus
unicellular
cell wall
no membrane bound organelles
