circulatory system Flashcards
how does the singular circulatory system work
for every one circuit of the body, the blood passes through the heart once
The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs
The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body
how does the double circulatory system work
for every one circuit of the body the blood passes through the heart twice
two pumps that work at the same time to pump blood in two different directions.
The right-hand side of the heart collects deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs
what are the advantages of a double circulatory system
Blood travelling through the small capillaries in the lungs loses a lot of pressure that was given to it by the pumping of the heart, meaning it cannot travel as fast
By returning the blood to the heart after going through the lungs its pressure can be raised again before sending it to the body, meaning cells can be supplied with the oxygen and glucose they need for respiration faster and more frequently
which side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the whole body
the left side
which side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
the right side
which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood
vein
which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood
Arteries
which blood vessel carries blood away from the heart
artery
which blood vessel carries blood to the heart
veins
which muscle in the heart is the thickest and why
the left ventricle, so that it can successfully pump blood to the rest of the body
what separates the two sides of the heart and why
the septum
to prevent the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing
which blood vessel brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
Pulmonary vein
which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
pulmonary artery
what are the functions of valves in the heart
to prevent back-flow of blood
what are atrioventricular valves
valves that separate the atria from the ventricles
what are the valves on the right side of the heart called
tricuspid valves
what are the valves on the left side of the heart called
bicuspid valves
when are the valves opened
when the atria contract
when are the valves shut
when the ventricles contract
which are the only two arteries that have valves
the ones coming out of the top of the heart
how does deoxygenated blood flow in the heart
vena cava –> right atrium –> right ventricle –> pulmonary artery –> lung
how does oxygenated blood flow in the heart
pulmonary vein –> left atrium –> left ventricle –> aorta –> rest of body
which valves close and open when the deoxygenated blood flows in the heart
right atrium contracts, tricuspid valve opens, right ventricle contracts, tricuspid valve closes
which valves close and open when oxygenated blood flows through the heart
left atrium contracts, bicuspid valve opens, left ventricle contracts, bicuspid valve closes
what are semilunar valves
valves between the:
right ventricle and pulmonary artery
left ventricle and the superior vena cava
how is an artery’s structure related to its function
thick wall to withstand blood pressure
small lumen to maintain blood pressure
muscular tissue to help carry out vasoconstriction and vasodilation
elastic tissue which recoils to maintain the blood pressure
fibrous tissue which maintains shape and prevents from bursting
Explain the role of the arterioles in the skin when a person is very cold
muscle in arteriole contract
arterioles constrict
less blood flows to skin capillaries
decrease in loss of heat from the blood by conduction
Explain why it is necessary for the blood supply to muscles to increase during
exercise.
increase in energy demand in muscle
increase in blood flow supplies more oxygen for aerobic respiration more glucose more fatty acids
increase in blood flow removes
carbon dioxide
lactic acid
from anaerobic respiration
what do blood vessels do to increase blood flow
vasodilation
muscle in wall relaxes
arteries dilate
more blood flows to capillaries
what do blood vessels to do decrease blood flow
vasoconstriction
muscle in wall contracts
arteries constrict
less blood flows to capillaries
what is aorta function
The aorta is the main artery that carries blood away from your heart to the rest of your body
how are capillaries adapted to their function
Capillaries have walls only one endothelial cell thick
This makes them well adapted for gas exchange, as substances only have to diffuse over a short distance.
pores in the capillary wall, allow filtration and movement of small molecules
how are veins adapted to their function
Veins are thinner-walled as they transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart under far less pressure.
Veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood and maintain one-way flow of blood
what are some things blood carries other than oxygen
glucose, amino acids
what is path of blood in a fish
heart –> gills –> body
how does blood clot
thrombin converts soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin
fibrin forms a net and traps blood cells
forms a scab
blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood to the heart
pulmonary vein
blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
aorta
a blood vessel that takes deoxygenated blood to the lung from the heart
pulmonary artery
describe one named example of surgery that can treat coronary heart disease
stinct
small mesh tube inserted into artery
opens artery
