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circulatory system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

how does the singular circulatory system work

A

for every one circuit of the body, the blood passes through the heart once
The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs
The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body

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2
Q

how does the double circulatory system work

A

for every one circuit of the body the blood passes through the heart twice
two pumps that work at the same time to pump blood in two different directions.
The right-hand side of the heart collects deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs

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3
Q

what are the advantages of a double circulatory system

A

Blood travelling through the small capillaries in the lungs loses a lot of pressure that was given to it by the pumping of the heart, meaning it cannot travel as fast

By returning the blood to the heart after going through the lungs its pressure can be raised again before sending it to the body, meaning cells can be supplied with the oxygen and glucose they need for respiration faster and more frequently

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4
Q

which side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the whole body

A

the left side

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5
Q

which side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

A

the right side

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6
Q

which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood

A

vein

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7
Q

which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood

A

Arteries

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8
Q

which blood vessel carries blood away from the heart

A

artery

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9
Q

which blood vessel carries blood to the heart

A

veins

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10
Q

which muscle in the heart is the thickest and why

A

the left ventricle, so that it can successfully pump blood to the rest of the body

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11
Q

what separates the two sides of the heart and why

A

the septum

to prevent the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing

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12
Q

which blood vessel brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

A

Pulmonary vein

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13
Q

which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

A

pulmonary artery

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14
Q

what are the functions of valves in the heart

A

to prevent back-flow of blood

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15
Q

what are atrioventricular valves

A

valves that separate the atria from the ventricles

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16
Q

what are the valves on the right side of the heart called

A

tricuspid valves

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17
Q

what are the valves on the left side of the heart called

A

bicuspid valves

18
Q

when are the valves opened

A

when the atria contract

19
Q

when are the valves shut

A

when the ventricles contract

20
Q

which are the only two arteries that have valves

A

the ones coming out of the top of the heart

21
Q

how does deoxygenated blood flow in the heart

A

vena cava –> right atrium –> right ventricle –> pulmonary artery –> lung

22
Q

how does oxygenated blood flow in the heart

A

pulmonary vein –> left atrium –> left ventricle –> aorta –> rest of body

23
Q

which valves close and open when the deoxygenated blood flows in the heart

A

right atrium contracts, tricuspid valve opens, right ventricle contracts, tricuspid valve closes

24
Q

which valves close and open when oxygenated blood flows through the heart

A

left atrium contracts, bicuspid valve opens, left ventricle contracts, bicuspid valve closes

25
Q

what are semilunar valves

A

valves between the:
right ventricle and pulmonary artery
left ventricle and the superior vena cava

26
Q

how is an artery’s structure related to its function

A

thick wall to withstand blood pressure
small lumen to maintain blood pressure
muscular tissue to help carry out vasoconstriction and vasodilation
elastic tissue which recoils to maintain the blood pressure
fibrous tissue which maintains shape and prevents from bursting

27
Q

Explain the role of the arterioles in the skin when a person is very cold

A

muscle in arteriole contract
arterioles constrict
less blood flows to skin capillaries
decrease in loss of heat from the blood by conduction

28
Q

Explain why it is necessary for the blood supply to muscles to increase during
exercise.

A

increase in energy demand in muscle

increase in blood flow supplies
more oxygen
for aerobic respiration
more glucose
more fatty acids

increase in blood flow removes
carbon dioxide
lactic acid
from anaerobic respiration

29
Q

what do blood vessels do to increase blood flow

A

vasodilation
muscle in wall relaxes
arteries dilate
more blood flows to capillaries

30
Q

what do blood vessels to do decrease blood flow

A

vasoconstriction
muscle in wall contracts
arteries constrict
less blood flows to capillaries

31
Q

what is aorta function

A

The aorta is the main artery that carries blood away from your heart to the rest of your body

32
Q

how are capillaries adapted to their function

A

Capillaries have walls only one endothelial cell thick
This makes them well adapted for gas exchange, as substances only have to diffuse over a short distance.
pores in the capillary wall, allow filtration and movement of small molecules

33
Q

how are veins adapted to their function

A

Veins are thinner-walled as they transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart under far less pressure.
Veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood and maintain one-way flow of blood

34
Q

what are some things blood carries other than oxygen

A

glucose, amino acids

35
Q

what is path of blood in a fish

A

heart –> gills –> body

36
Q

how does blood clot

A

thrombin converts soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin
fibrin forms a net and traps blood cells
forms a scab

37
Q

blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood to the heart

A

pulmonary vein

38
Q

blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart

A

aorta

39
Q

a blood vessel that takes deoxygenated blood to the lung from the heart

A

pulmonary artery

40
Q

describe one named example of surgery that can treat coronary heart disease

A

stinct
small mesh tube inserted into artery
opens artery

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