kidney functions and structure

Question 1

main function of kidney

Answer 1

removal of urea, excess water and the reabsorption of glucose and some salts

Question 2

where is urea formed

Answer 2

liver

Question 3

what other external substances are broken down in the liver

Answer 3

alcohol
drugs

Question 4

one other internal substance broken down in the liver

Answer 4

hormones

Question 5

what does the cortex of the kidney contain

Answer 5

contains bowmans capsule and coiled tubules

Question 6

what does the ureter contain

Answer 6

carries urine from the kidney to the bladder

Question 7

what does the medulla contain

Answer 7

contains loop of henle and collecting ducts

Question 8

function of loop of henle

Answer 8

selectively reabsorbs water, salts

Question 9

function of collecting ducts

Answer 9

re-absorbes water into blood and store wastes until they are passed into the ureter

Question 10

what is the function of the urethra

Answer 10

carries urine from bladder and removes it from the body

Question 11

function of the bladder

Answer 11

stores urine

Question 12

function of renal capsule

Answer 12

filters from blood: water, glucose, urea and salts.

Question 13

function of PCT

Answer 13

reabsorbs 100% of glucose, most of the water and some salts back into the blood

Question 14

function of renal artery

Answer 14

brings wastes and water from blood

Question 14

function of renal artery

Answer 14

brings wastes and water from blood

Question 15

functions of renal vein

Answer 15

reabsorbs water and useful molecules and leaves waste behind

Question 16

what is ultrafiltration

Answer 16

blood from renal artery enters the glomerulus. Water, urea, salts and glucose are forced into the Bowman’s capsule. Blood cells and large proteins cannot pass through

Question 17

what is selective reabsorption

Answer 17

in the proximal tubule two thirds of the salt and water and all the glucose moves out of the nephron, by active transport. These substances are reabsorbed back into the blood capillary.

Question 18

what is reabsorbed through the loop of henle and how

Answer 18

water is absorbed through the loop of henle through osmosis. Water is drawn out of the filtrate in the nephron by osmosis because of the low water potential of the medulla tissue fluid.

Question 19

what is reabsorbed through the upper loop of henle

Answer 19

this part is permeable to salt but not water. The loss of water from the filtrate in the previous stage increases the salt concentration. Some salt passively diffuses out of the loop here.

Question 20

what is the function of the collecting duct

Answer 20

the remaining substances move through the second coiled tubule (distal tubule), into the collecting duct. The permeability of this part of the nephron to water is controlled

Question 21

what is the first step of the dialysis machine

Answer 21

blood enters machine from patient

Question 22

what is the second step of the dialysis machine

Answer 22

the pump passes through the dialysis tubing which is semi-permeable acting as a filter.

Question 23

how does the concentration of salts compare with the concentration of the dialysis fluid

Answer 23

same concentration hence salts don’t diffuse from blood to dialysis solution

Question 24

how does the concentration of glucose in the blood and in the dialysis solution differ

Answer 24

they are the same, hence no transfers of glucose between the 2

Question 25

how does the concentration of urea in the blood and in the dialysis solution differ

Answer 25

dialysis solution has no urea, hence all the urea in the blood diffuses from the blood to the urea

Question 26

what happens to the blood after the urea has diffused out

Answer 26

the cleaned blood returns back into the body

Question 27

where is blood filtered in the kidney

Answer 27

cortex