Physiology - Pain 2 : Analgesia Flashcards
the stress analgesia pathway begins with activation of neurones where
a.PVN
b.PAG
c.pons
d.RMN
a.PVN
of the hypothalamus
where is the PVN found
a.hypothalamus
b.thalamus
c.pons
d.medulla oblongata
a.hypothalamus
signals are relayed from the PVN to where
a.hypothalamus
b.PAG
c.pons
d.RMN
b.PAG
of mesencephalon and upper pons
where is the PAG found
a.hypothalamus
b.thalamus
c.pons
d.medulla oblongata
e.mesencephalon and upper pons
e.mesencephalon and upper pons
signals are relayed from the PAG to where
a.hypothalamus
b.PAG
c.pons
d.RMN
d.RMN
of pons
where is the RMN found
a.hypothalamus
b.thalamus
c.pons
d.medulla oblongata
e.mesencephalon and upper pons
c.pons
where do signals go from the RMN
a.hypothalamus
b.PAG
c.pons
d.RMN
E.Dorsal horn
E.Dorsal horn
what mediates the neurotransmission between RMN and dorsal horn neurones
a.glutamate
b.substance p
c.serotonin
d.dopamine
c.serotonin
in response to the stress analgesia pathway being activated what is released form inhibitory interneurones
a.serotonin and dopamine
b.GABA and dopamine
c.GABA and enkephalins
d.GAMA and enkephalins
c.GABA and enkephalins
prevent signals being carried further by 2nd order neurones
how does GABA prevent transmission of pain signals
a.closes cl- channels on postsynaptic DHN cells leading to hyperpolarisation
b.opens cl- channels on postsynaptic DHN cells leading to hyperpolarisation
c.closes cl- channels on postsynaptic DHN cells leading to depolarisation
b.opens cl- channels on postsynaptic DHN cells leading to depolarisation
b.opens cl- channels on postsynaptic DHN cells leading to hyperpolarisation
reduced firing of APs
what channels does enkephalin inhibit the opening of
a.cl-
b.voltage gated ca
c.voltage gated na
b.voltage gated ca
in presynpatic cell of DHN
and activated opiod receptors on a delta and c fibres and DHNs
what channels does enkephalin stimulate the opening of
a.cl-
b.voltage gated ca
c.voltage gated na
d.k+ channels
d.k+ channels
leading to hyperpolarisation of post synaptic DHN cell
TENS stimulates the peripheral inhibitor pathways by releasing which substance
a.GABA
b.serotonin
c.dopamine
d.enkepahlins
d.enkepahlins
local anaesthetic closes the inactivation gate of what type of channel closing the pore and reducing the ability of the nerve to propagate an AP in pain fibres
a.sodium
b.calcium
c.potassium
a.sodium
in more acidic extracellular environments the block of the inactivation gate of sodium channels in pain fibres is ..
a.slower
b.faster
a.slower
