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Neurology 1 > Physiology - Central Nervous System Motor Control : Spinal Reflexes > Flashcards

Physiology - Central Nervous System Motor Control : Spinal Reflexes Flashcards

1
Q

where does the stretch reflex originate

a.dorsal horn
b.golgi tendon organ
c. muscle spindle

A

c. muscle spindle

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2
Q

where does the inverse stretch reflex originate

a.dorsal horn
b.golgi tendon organ
c. muscle spindle

A

b.golgi tendon organ

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3
Q

the stretch reflex originates from the muscle spindle and controls and signals muscle

a.length
b.force

A

a.length

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4
Q

the inverse stretch reflex originates from the golgi tendon organ and controls and signals muscle

a.length
b.force

A

b.force

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5
Q

the muscle spindle is arranged in parallel with which fibres

a.intrafusal
b.extrafusal

A

b.extrafusal

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6
Q

which fibres make up the muscle spindle
a.intrafusal
b.extrafusal

A

a.intrafusal

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7
Q

intrafusal fibres of the muscle spindle have ………… ends

a.contractile
b.non contractile

A

a.contractile

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8
Q

intrafusal fibres of the muscle spindle have ………… centres

a.contractile
b.non contractile

A

b.non contractile

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9
Q

afferent fibres from the spindles centres are …

a.small and myelinated
b.small and unmyelinated
c.large and myelinated
d.large and unmyelinated

A

c.large and myelinated

classed as type Ia and II

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10
Q

the contractile ends of muscle spindles are innervated by …………………….. nerves

a.small and myelinated
b.small and unmyelinated
c.large and myelinated
d.large and unmyelinated

A

a.small and myelinated

y efferents

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11
Q

which type of nerve innervates the dynamic nuclear bag fibres in the spindle

a. Ia
b.II
c.Y

A

a. Ia

signal rapid change in muscle length, firing maximally when the muscle is rapidly stretched (dynamic response)

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12
Q

Ia fibres in the dynamic nuclear bag signal ………. changes in muscle length

a.slow
b.rapid

A

b.rapid

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13
Q

static nuclear bag fibres are innervated by which fibres

a.Ia
b.II
c.Y
d.Ia and II
e.Ia and Y

A

d.Ia and II

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14
Q

which of these afferents conducts the fastest

a.Ia
b.II
c.Y

A

a.Ia

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15
Q

which of these fibres signals muscle length itself

a.dynamic nuclear bag
b.static nuclear bag
c.nuclear chain

A

b.static nuclear bag

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16
Q

which fibres provide the dynamic response

a.dynamic nuclear bag fibres
b.static nuclear bag fibres
c.nuclear chain fibres
d.dynamic and static nuclear bag fibres
e.static nuclear bag fibres and nuclear chain fibres

A

a.dynamic nuclear bag fibres

17
Q

what do nuclear chain fibres play a role in signalling

a.change in muscle length
b.absolute muscle length

A

b.absolute muscle length

18
Q

which fibres together give the static response of the muscle spindle

a.dynamic nuclear bag fibres
b.static nuclear bag fibres
c.nuclear chain fibres
d.dynamic and static nuclear bag fibres
e.static nuclear bag fibres and nuclear chain fibres

A

e.static nuclear bag fibres and nuclear chain fibres

19
Q

when the main a nerve of the muscle activates the extrafusal fibres that contract the muscle the y fibres fire and …………. the spindle

a.shorten
b.lengthen

A

a.shorten

20
Q

the stretch reflex

A

afferents from the bag and chain fibres directly innervate muscle being stretched so it contracts against the stretch, smoothing movement and rapid change in muscle length

21
Q

recipricol innervation of the antagonistic muscle to the one being stretched via an ……………. interneuron to the spinal cord means that it is inhibited too aiding the damping effect of rapid muscle length change

a.excitatory
b.inhibitory

A

b.inhibitory

22
Q

a net of nerve endings embedded within the fascicles of a tendon

a.muscle spindle
b.golgi tendon organ

A

b.golgi tendon organ

23
Q

the golgi tendon origin is in ………. with the muscle

a.parallel
b.series

A

b.series

24
Q

what do golgi tendon organs fire more in response to

a.muscle stretch
b.muscle force

A

b.muscle force

25
Q

when too much force is generated by a muscle what is activated

a.muscle spindle
b.golgi tendon organ

A

b.golgi tendon organ

26
Q

how does the GTO reduce the activity of motor neurons

a.excitatory interneuron
b.inhibitory interneuron

A

b.inhibitory interneuron

27
Q

the reflex regulated by what allows for regulation of force eg when holding an object with a constant grip

a. muscle spindle
b.golgi tendon organ

A

b.golgi tendon organ

28
Q

clonus (exagerrated tremor in response to very minor stimuli) happens in which lesions

a.upper motor neuron
b.lower motor neuron

A

a.upper motor neuron

eg stroke, amytrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord lesions and hepatic encephalopathy

29
Q

abscence of descending inhibitory input to which fibres leads to clonus

a.Ia
b.II
c.Y

A

c.Y

30
Q

the clasp knife effect

A

over excitable stretch reflexes
resistance to initial passive flexion of elbow
then after certain point sudden collapse of resistance and quick flexion
like putting the blade back in a swiss army knife

31
Q

in the clasp knife effect

A
32
Q

inverse stretch reflex

A

mediated by golgi tendon organ
when muscle stretched too much
they cause muscle relaxation via inhibitory interneuron

33
Q

stretch reflex

A

mediated by muscle spindle
when muscle stretched too much
spindle contracts
and muscle contracts to prevent rapid change in length

34
Q

in the clasp knife effect in the triceps the ………….. reflex quickly switches to the ……………….

a.stretch, inverse stretch
b.inverse stretch, stretch

A

a.stretch, inverse stretch

stretch reflex initially as doctor tries to stretch triceps and spindle contracts against this to stop sudden change in muscle length
arm resists passive flexion

inverse stretch after certain point as triceps has contracted too much force and GTO causes triceps to relax and arm flexes quickly

35
Q

the clasp knife effect indicates

a.UMN lesion
b.LMN lesion

A

a.UMN lesion

36
Q

in which reflex does stimulation of of a flexor muscle inhibit the antagonistic extensor muscle on the same limb eg removing hand from painful stimulus

a.stretch
b.reverse stretch
c.crossed extensor
d.positive supporting
e.flexor

A

e.flexor

37
Q

in which reflex do extensors contract and flexors are inhibited in the opposing limb

a.stretch
b.reverse stretch
c.crossed extensor
d.positive supporting
e.flexor

A

c.crossed extensor

38
Q

the leg extending to push down on a finger touching the sole of the foot in a baby describes which reflex

a.stretch
b.reverse stretch
c.crossed extensor
d.positive supporting
e.flexor

A

d.positive supporting

39
Q

in UMN lesions what happens to the crossed extensor, flexor and positive supporting reflex

a.masked
b.un masked

A

b.un masked

no longer overidden by supraspinal reflexes

Neurology 1 (44 decks)

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