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Neurology 1 > Physiology - Central Nervous System Motor Control: Cortex and Allied structures > Flashcards

Physiology - Central Nervous System Motor Control: Cortex and Allied structures Flashcards

1
Q

where do the rubrospinal tracts originate

a.red nucleus
b.dorsal root horn
c. golgi tendon origin

A

a.red nucleus
of the midbrain

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2
Q

the rubrospinal tracts originate in the red nucleus
where is this found

a.forebrain
b.midbrain
c.hindbrain

A

b.midbrain

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3
Q

the rubrospinal tracts cross over the midline and innervate …………. musculature

a.distal
b.proximal

A

a.distal

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4
Q

UMN lesions in the brain eg stroke leaving only the rubrospinal signals causes which posture

a.arms flexed legs extended
b.arms extended legs flexed

A

a.arms flexed legs extended
(spastic paralysis)

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5
Q

which reticular nuclei are excitatory

a.pontine
b.medullary

A

a.pontine

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6
Q

which reticular nuclei are inhibitory

a.pontine
b.medullary

A

b.medullary

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7
Q

the reticular and vestibular nuclei have a role in posture and have input from what

a.cortex and cerebrum
b.cortex and cerebellum
c.brainstem and cerebellum

A

b.cortex and cerebellum

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8
Q

which of these tracts is lateral

a.reticular nuclei
b.vestibular nuclei
c.rubrospinal

A

c.rubrospinal

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9
Q

which area of the brain is responsible for fine movements of the hands

a.primary motor cortex
b.premotor and supplemental motor areas
c. brocas area
d.primary occipital cortex

A

b.premotor and supplemental motor areas

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10
Q

which area is responsible for planning movement
a.primary motor cortex
b.premotor area
c. brocas area
d.primary occipital cortex

A

b.premotor area

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11
Q

each pyramidal neuron is responsible for ..

a.a single muscle
b.a single action

A

b.a single action

eg lift arm

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12
Q

where do the lateral corticospinal tracts cross over
a before medulla oblongata
b.after medulla oblongata

A

b.after medulla oblongata

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13
Q

sophisticated tracts cross over…

a.low down
b.high up

A

b.high up

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14
Q

which tracts control the fine movements in the distal limbs eg fingers and hands

a.rubrospinal
b.reticular
c.vestibular
d.corticospinal

A

d.corticospinal

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15
Q

which corticospinal tracts contribute to posture

a.ventral
b.distal

A

a.ventral

cross over at level of spinal cord where they leave
less sophisticated

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16
Q

which corticospinal tracts are more sophisticated and so cross over higher up

a.lateral
b.medial
c.ventral
d.distal

A

a.lateral

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17
Q

damage to what tract leads to problems with fine distal movements eg pill rolling

a.rubrospinal
b.reticular
c.vestibular
d.lateral corticospinal
e.ventral corticospinal

A

d.lateral corticospinal

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18
Q

final common path

A

motor nerve as it leaves spinal cord and goes to muscle

receives input from lateral corticospinal, rubrospinal, vestibulospinal, reticulospina, stretch reflexes etc etc etc = complexicity

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19
Q

basal ganglia

A

groups of neurones

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19
Q

basal ganglia

A

groups of neurones

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20
Q

all motor fibres pass through the internal capsule , this is the space between the caudate nucleus and the ………..

a.thalamus
b.pons
c.longitudinal fissure
d.putamen

A

d.putamen (basal ganglia)

21
Q

which circuit loops from the cerebral cortex and back via the putamen globus pallidus, subthalmic nuclei and thalamus

a.caudate circuit
b.putamen circuit

A

b.putamen circuit

22
Q

athetosis, ballismus and chorea arise from problems with which circuit

a.caudate
b.putamen

A

b.putamen

23
Q

athetosis

A

writhing snake like movement

24
Q

ballismus

A

arching movement of limbs
eg throwing limbs out wide swinging movements

25
Q

chorea

A

dance like movement
eg huntingtons chorea

26
Q

which circuit runs between thesupplementary motor cortex and motor cortex via caudate nucleus, putamen and ventral anterior and lateral thalamus

A
27
Q

common to both circuits

A

brain
basal ganglia
back via thalamus
dopaminergic excitatory pathway from substantia nigra to caudate. nucelus and putamen (striatum) and globus pallidus

28
Q

circuit

A

brain - motor cortex

striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen)

globus pallidus

subthalmic nucleus

thalamus

29
Q

what effect does the striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) have on the globus pallidus

a.excitation
b.inhibition

A

b.inhibition

30
Q

what effect does the globus pallidus have on the subthalmic nucleus

a.excitation
b.inhibition

A

b.inhibition

31
Q

what effect does dopamine from the substantia nigra have on the striatum

a.excitation
b.inhibition

A

a.excitation

32
Q

basal ganglia

A

movement planning
pre programmed movement
general movement release

33
Q

hyper and hypokinesia due to imbalance in movement release and surpression indicates an issue with what

a.basal ganglia
b. motor cortex
c.parietal lobe
d.frontal lobe

A

a.basal ganglia

34
Q

in which condition does degeneration of the dopaminergic nerurons between the substansia nigra and the striatum (compromising the circuit as dopamine normally excites) leading to hypokinesia - difficulty initiating movements , tremor at rest, lead pipe and cog wheel rigidity

a. dementia
b.alzheimers
c.huntingtons
d.parkinsons

A

d.parkinsons

35
Q

cogwheel rigidity and shuffling gate indicate what

a. dementia
b.alzheimers
c.huntingtons
d.parkinsons

A

d.parkinsons

36
Q

in parkinsons there is a destruction of which type of neurons between the substantia nigra and striatum

a.cholinergic
b.dopaminergic
c.adrenergic

A

b.dopaminergic

37
Q

lead pipe rigidity

a.like ticking of a cog
b.constant stiffness
c.resistance to passive flexion

A

b.constant stiffness

38
Q

which condition is caused by degeneration of cholinergic and gabinergic neurons

a. dementia
b.alzheimers
c.huntingtons
d.parkinsons

A

c.huntingtons

39
Q

athetosis , ballismus and chorea indicate what

a. dementia
b.alzheimers
c.huntingtons
d.parkinsons

A

c.huntingtons

40
Q

which part of the cerebellum serves balance and eye movements

a.vestibulocerebellum
b.spinocerebellum
c.cerebrocerebellum

A

a.vestibulocerebellum

41
Q

which part of the cerebellum is most medial (old)

a.vestibulocerebellum
b.spinocerebellum
c.cerebrocerebellum

A

a.vestibulocerebellum

42
Q

which part of the cerebellum is inbetween the other two parts (intermediate)

a.vestibulocerebellum
b.spinocerebellum
c.cerebrocerebellum

A

b.spinocerebellum

43
Q

which part of the cerebellum is most lateral (new)

a.vestibulocerebellum
b.spinocerebellum
c.cerebrocerebellum

A

c.cerebrocerebellum

44
Q

cerebellum function

A

error corrector in movement

45
Q

which part of the cerebellum receives info from the brain on what it wants the body to do and info on what the body is actually doing to make the two to do the same

a.vestibulocerebellum
b.spinocerebellum
c.cerebrocerebellum

A

b.spinocerebellum

46
Q

which part of the cerebellum is responsible for planning movements , movemetn accuracy and learned skills (eg driving)

a.vestibulocerebellum
b.spinocerebellum
c.cerebrocerebellum

A

c.cerebrocerebellum

47
Q

wide stance, swaying while standing , nystagmus indicate and ataxic gait injury (looks like drunk fighting) to what

a.cerebrum
b.cerebellum
c.basal ganglia
d.cerebral cortex

A

b.cerebellum

48
Q

past pointing and intention tremor (movement accuracy compromised) indicates injury to what

A
49
Q

tremor at rest indicates what

a.cerebellar injury
b.cerebrocerebellar delay
c.parkinsons
d.huntingtons

A

c.parkinsons

Neurology 1 (44 decks)

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