Physiology - Central Nervous System Motor Control: Cortex and Allied structures Flashcards
where do the rubrospinal tracts originate
a.red nucleus
b.dorsal root horn
c. golgi tendon origin
a.red nucleus
of the midbrain
the rubrospinal tracts originate in the red nucleus
where is this found
a.forebrain
b.midbrain
c.hindbrain
b.midbrain
the rubrospinal tracts cross over the midline and innervate …………. musculature
a.distal
b.proximal
a.distal
UMN lesions in the brain eg stroke leaving only the rubrospinal signals causes which posture
a.arms flexed legs extended
b.arms extended legs flexed
a.arms flexed legs extended
(spastic paralysis)
which reticular nuclei are excitatory
a.pontine
b.medullary
a.pontine
which reticular nuclei are inhibitory
a.pontine
b.medullary
b.medullary
the reticular and vestibular nuclei have a role in posture and have input from what
a.cortex and cerebrum
b.cortex and cerebellum
c.brainstem and cerebellum
b.cortex and cerebellum
which of these tracts is lateral
a.reticular nuclei
b.vestibular nuclei
c.rubrospinal
c.rubrospinal
which area of the brain is responsible for fine movements of the hands
a.primary motor cortex
b.premotor and supplemental motor areas
c. brocas area
d.primary occipital cortex
b.premotor and supplemental motor areas
which area is responsible for planning movement
a.primary motor cortex
b.premotor area
c. brocas area
d.primary occipital cortex
b.premotor area
each pyramidal neuron is responsible for ..
a.a single muscle
b.a single action
b.a single action
eg lift arm
where do the lateral corticospinal tracts cross over
a before medulla oblongata
b.after medulla oblongata
b.after medulla oblongata
sophisticated tracts cross over…
a.low down
b.high up
b.high up
which tracts control the fine movements in the distal limbs eg fingers and hands
a.rubrospinal
b.reticular
c.vestibular
d.corticospinal
d.corticospinal
which corticospinal tracts contribute to posture
a.ventral
b.distal
a.ventral
cross over at level of spinal cord where they leave
less sophisticated
which corticospinal tracts are more sophisticated and so cross over higher up
a.lateral
b.medial
c.ventral
d.distal
a.lateral
damage to what tract leads to problems with fine distal movements eg pill rolling
a.rubrospinal
b.reticular
c.vestibular
d.lateral corticospinal
e.ventral corticospinal
d.lateral corticospinal
final common path
motor nerve as it leaves spinal cord and goes to muscle
receives input from lateral corticospinal, rubrospinal, vestibulospinal, reticulospina, stretch reflexes etc etc etc = complexicity
basal ganglia
groups of neurones
basal ganglia
groups of neurones
all motor fibres pass through the internal capsule , this is the space between the caudate nucleus and the ………..
a.thalamus
b.pons
c.longitudinal fissure
d.putamen
d.putamen (basal ganglia)
which circuit loops from the cerebral cortex and back via the putamen globus pallidus, subthalmic nuclei and thalamus
a.caudate circuit
b.putamen circuit
b.putamen circuit
athetosis, ballismus and chorea arise from problems with which circuit
a.caudate
b.putamen
b.putamen
athetosis
writhing snake like movement
ballismus
arching movement of limbs
eg throwing limbs out wide swinging movements
chorea
dance like movement
eg huntingtons chorea
which circuit runs between thesupplementary motor cortex and motor cortex via caudate nucleus, putamen and ventral anterior and lateral thalamus
common to both circuits
brain
basal ganglia
back via thalamus
dopaminergic excitatory pathway from substantia nigra to caudate. nucelus and putamen (striatum) and globus pallidus
circuit
brain - motor cortex
striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen)
globus pallidus
subthalmic nucleus
thalamus
what effect does the striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) have on the globus pallidus
a.excitation
b.inhibition
b.inhibition
what effect does the globus pallidus have on the subthalmic nucleus
a.excitation
b.inhibition
b.inhibition
what effect does dopamine from the substantia nigra have on the striatum
a.excitation
b.inhibition
a.excitation
basal ganglia
movement planning
pre programmed movement
general movement release
hyper and hypokinesia due to imbalance in movement release and surpression indicates an issue with what
a.basal ganglia
b. motor cortex
c.parietal lobe
d.frontal lobe
a.basal ganglia
in which condition does degeneration of the dopaminergic nerurons between the substansia nigra and the striatum (compromising the circuit as dopamine normally excites) leading to hypokinesia - difficulty initiating movements , tremor at rest, lead pipe and cog wheel rigidity
a. dementia
b.alzheimers
c.huntingtons
d.parkinsons
d.parkinsons
cogwheel rigidity and shuffling gate indicate what
a. dementia
b.alzheimers
c.huntingtons
d.parkinsons
d.parkinsons
in parkinsons there is a destruction of which type of neurons between the substantia nigra and striatum
a.cholinergic
b.dopaminergic
c.adrenergic
b.dopaminergic
lead pipe rigidity
a.like ticking of a cog
b.constant stiffness
c.resistance to passive flexion
b.constant stiffness
which condition is caused by degeneration of cholinergic and gabinergic neurons
a. dementia
b.alzheimers
c.huntingtons
d.parkinsons
c.huntingtons
athetosis , ballismus and chorea indicate what
a. dementia
b.alzheimers
c.huntingtons
d.parkinsons
c.huntingtons
which part of the cerebellum serves balance and eye movements
a.vestibulocerebellum
b.spinocerebellum
c.cerebrocerebellum
a.vestibulocerebellum
which part of the cerebellum is most medial (old)
a.vestibulocerebellum
b.spinocerebellum
c.cerebrocerebellum
a.vestibulocerebellum
which part of the cerebellum is inbetween the other two parts (intermediate)
a.vestibulocerebellum
b.spinocerebellum
c.cerebrocerebellum
b.spinocerebellum
which part of the cerebellum is most lateral (new)
a.vestibulocerebellum
b.spinocerebellum
c.cerebrocerebellum
c.cerebrocerebellum
cerebellum function
error corrector in movement
which part of the cerebellum receives info from the brain on what it wants the body to do and info on what the body is actually doing to make the two to do the same
a.vestibulocerebellum
b.spinocerebellum
c.cerebrocerebellum
b.spinocerebellum
which part of the cerebellum is responsible for planning movements , movemetn accuracy and learned skills (eg driving)
a.vestibulocerebellum
b.spinocerebellum
c.cerebrocerebellum
c.cerebrocerebellum
wide stance, swaying while standing , nystagmus indicate and ataxic gait injury (looks like drunk fighting) to what
a.cerebrum
b.cerebellum
c.basal ganglia
d.cerebral cortex
b.cerebellum
past pointing and intention tremor (movement accuracy compromised) indicates injury to what
tremor at rest indicates what
a.cerebellar injury
b.cerebrocerebellar delay
c.parkinsons
d.huntingtons
c.parkinsons
