Physiology - Pain 1: Peripheral Mechanisms and Central Pathways Flashcards
a stimulus activating a receptor eg temp, pain, touch causes an action potential to be formed in which nerves
a.sympathetic ganglion
b.dorsal route ganglion
c.parasympathetic ganglion
d.dorsal route horn
b.dorsal root ganglion
after entering the spinal cord an AP synapses to an ascending nerve at which location
a.dorsal route ganglion
c.dorsal route horn
d.thalamus
e.brain
c.dorsal route horn
which nerve carrying an ap will travel across the spinal cord (crossing over) and ascend to the brain via the thalamus
a. dorsal route ganglion
b.dorsal route horn
c,ascending nerve
d.descending nerve
c,ascending nerve
via which structure do ascending nerves usually travel to the brain
a.hypothalamus
b.thalamus
c. pituitary
d.medulla oblongata
c.pons
b.thalamus
senses not dependent on a specialised organ is known as ..
somatic
pain - nociception
where are most nociceptors found
a.brain
b.body
where are most nociceptors found
a.brain
b.body
b.body
a dull pain that is hard to locate in deep/ superficial tissue is conducted by which type of neurones
a.unmyelinated c
b.myelinated a/d
a.unmyelinated c
a sharp pain that is immediate and highly localised in superficial tissue is conducted by which type of neurones
a.unmyelinated c
b.myelinated a/d
b.myelinated a/d
which fibres run in the gracile fasciculus
a.a delta
b.c
c.c and d
a.a and d
which fibres are found in the facial nerves (trigeminal)
a.a delta
b.c
c.c and d
b.c
pain associated with stomach ache and kidney stones (visceral somatic pain) is transmitted via what
a.gracile fasciculus
b.trigeminal nerve
a.gracile fasciculus
the gracile fasciculus carries which fibres up the spinal cord without crossing over to the gracile nucleus in the medulla oblongata which then cross over before travelling to the thalamus and cortex
a.a delta
b. c
a.a delta
where is the gracile nucleus found
a.pons
b.thalamus
c.medulla oblongata
d.midbrain
c.medulla oblongata
facial pain travels via the trigeminal nerve through which structure to the medulla
a.pons
b.thalamus
c.medulla oblongata
d.midbrain
a.pons
facial pain is transmitted via the trigeminal nerve through the pons to which part of the brain
a.thalamus
b.medulla
c.cortex
b.medulla
which type of nerve fibres mainly makeup the 2nd order neurones that take signals through the thalamus to the cortex
a.a delta
b. beta
c.c
d.d
c.c
which neurones are known as dorsal horn neurones
a.a delta
b. beta
c.c
d.d
a.a delta
where does the ascending nerve synpase if signals travel through the spinothalamic tract
a.hypothalamus
b.thalamus
c.reticular formation of brain stem
b.thalamus
where does the ascending nerve synpase if signals travel through the spinothalamic tract
a.hypothalamus
b.thalamus
c.reticular formation of brain stem
b.thalamus
where does the ascending nerve synpase if signals travel through the spinoreticular tract
a.hypothalamus
b.thalamus
c.reticular formation of brain stem
c.reticular formation of brain stem
which nerves release glutamate and substance p
a.c
b.a delta
a.c
which nerves release glutamate only
a.c
b.a delta
b.a delta
which of these are autonomic responses associated with pain
a.tachycardia, hypertension
b.bradycardia , hypotension
b.bradycardia , hypotension
and syncope
congenital insensitivity to pain results from a low expression of..
a.a delta fibres
b.nociceptors
c. c fibres
b.nociceptors
pain felt in skin , muscles and joints sometimes with tingling caused by a lesion/disease in the peripheral/central nervous system
a.somatic
b.visceral
c.neuropathic
c.neuropathic
sensation of pain in response to something not normally painful eg touching lightly near a wound
a.neuropathic pain
b.somatic pain
c. allodynia
d.hyperalgesia
c. allodynia
increased intensity of pain for a given nociceptive stimulus is known as
a.neuropathic pain
b.somatic pain
c. allodynia
d.hyperalgesia
d.hyperalgesia
spontaneous activity / response to weaker stimuli in c and ad fibres after injury is linked to an increased expression of which channel in peripheral nerves
a.voltage gated calcium
b.atp dependent potassium
c. voltage gated sodium
d.pressure sensitive sodium
c. voltage gated sodium
more frequent release of which substance by 1st order pain fibres bombards the dorsal horn nerves and increases the expression of the NMDA receptor making the the threshold of the DHN easier to reach
a.substance P
b. glutamate
b. glutamate
what substances is the DHN NDMA receptor permeable to
a. na and k
b.na and ca
c.ca and k
b.na and ca
the sprouting of AB fibres in response to fibre damage allowing them to make connections to 2nd order fibres leads to what
a.hyperalgesia
b.allodynia
b.allodynia
