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Neurology 1 > Physiology - Ascending tracts , sensory receptors, pathways and peripheral pathways > Flashcards

Physiology - Ascending tracts , sensory receptors, pathways and peripheral pathways Flashcards

1
Q

afferent

A

towards CNS

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2
Q

efferent

A

away CNS

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3
Q

which of these is NOT a somatosense

a.pain
b.temperature
c.touch
d.pressure
e.taste

A

e.taste

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4
Q

which receptor type is activated by physical compression / stretch

a.mechanoreceptors
b.thermoreceptors
c.electromagnetic
d.chemoreceptors

A

a.mechanoreceptors

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5
Q

which receptor type is activated by temperature on skin and internally

a.mechanoreceptors
b.thermoreceptors
c.electromagnetic
d.chemoreceptors

A

b.thermoreceptors

separate cold and hot receptors

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6
Q

which receptor type is activated by light

a.mechanoreceptors
b.thermoreceptors
c.electromagnetic
d.chemoreceptors

A

c.electromagnetic

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7
Q

which receptor type is activated O2/H+/CO2 in the brainstem and osmolarity in the hypothalamus

a.mechanoreceptors
b.thermoreceptors
c.electromagnetic
d.chemoreceptors

A

d.chemoreceptors

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8
Q

which type of receptors give rise to pain sensations

a.nociceptors
b.proprioceptors
c.somatosensors

A

a.nociceptors

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9
Q

which type of receptors give info about joint position and movement

a.nociceptors
b.proprioceptors
c.somatosensors

A

b.proprioceptors

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10
Q

the area monitored by a single receptor

a.dermatome
b.receptive field

A

b.receptive field

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11
Q

local membrane depolarisation in a receptor

a.action potential
b.receptor potential
c.membrane potential
d.resting potential

A

b.receptor potential

may or may not be sufficient to cause an action potential

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12
Q

how is stimulus strength coded

a.number of action potentials
b.frequency of action potentials
c. volume of action potentials

A

b.frequency of action potentials

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13
Q

phasic response

A

depending on properties of receptor being stimulated the response of the primary afferent is different

phasic response causes a burst of AP at the onset of the stimulus the frequency soon dissipates despite the stimulus still being present

typical of certain receptors eg pacinian corpuscle

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14
Q

tactile receptors all have channels in the membranes of the receptor nerve endings that are permeable to which ion when they are physically deformed by pressure/pulling

a.calcium
b.potassium
c.sodium
d.iron
e.hydrogen

A

c.sodium

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15
Q

which tactile receptors have bare dendrites between epidermal cells small fields and act as sole cornea receptors

a.free nerve endings
b.root hair plexus
c.merkels discs
d.laminated pacinian corpuscles
e.ruffini corpuscles

A

a.free nerve endings

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16
Q

which tactile receptors in the skin have sensory dendrites surrounding the hair follicles and rapidly adapting

a.free nerve endings
b.root hair plexus
c.merkels discs
d.laminated pacinian corpuscles
e.ruffini corpuscles

A

b.root hair plexus

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17
Q

which tactile receptors in the skin are responsive to fine touch and low frequency with a dendrite network surrounding schwann cells , found within a capsule in the dermis and numerous in sensitive areas eg fingertips , lips

a.free nerve endings
b.root hair plexus
c.meissners corpuscle
d.laminated pacinian corpuscles
e.ruffini corpuscles

A

c.meissners corpuscle

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18
Q

which tactile receptors in the skin are very sensitive tonic touch receptors with dendrites closely associated with large epithelial cells and very small fields

a.free nerve endings
b.root hair plexus
c.merkel discs
d.laminated pacinian corpuscles
e.ruffini corpuscles

A

c.merkel discs

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19
Q

which tactile receptors in the skin respond to deep pressure and high frequency vibration and are rapidly adapting mostly found in the fingers and viscera
a.free nerve endings
b.root hair plexus
c.merkel discs
d.laminated pacinian corpuscles
e.ruffini corpuscles

A

d.laminated pacinian corpuscles

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20
Q

which tactile receptors in the skin have dendrites that are intertwined with collagen fibres in a capsule and respond to skin pressure and distortion

a.free nerve endings
b.root hair plexus
c.merkel discs
d.laminated pacinian corpuscles
e.ruffini corpuscles

A

e.ruffini corpuscles

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21
Q

which receptors are free nerve endings that detect joint pressure, movement and tension

a.merkel discs
b. baroreceptors
c.golgi tendon organs
d.muscle spindle
e.joint receptors

A

e.joint receptors

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22
Q

which of these receptors is described as free nerve endings embedded in the walls of major vessels giving information primarily on wall stretch

a. meissners corpuscle
b. golgi tendon organs
c.baroreceptors
d.pacinian corpuscle
e.chemoreceptors

A

c.baroreceptors

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23
Q

what are the 4 types of receptor as classified by transduction mechanism

A

mechanoreceptor
chemoreceptor
temperature receptors
electromagnetic receptors

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24
Q

what are the 2 types of receptor when classified by purpose

A

nociceptor - pain
proprioceptior - body position and movement

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25
what are the 3 types of mechano receptor
somatosensory receptors (skin) proprioceptors (muscle and joint) baroreceptors
26
temperature receptors located where are the major determinant of temperature sensation a.pituitary b.hypothalamus c.skin d.cerebellum e.ventricle
b.hypothalamus
27
which receptors rely on the activity of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels with different TRP channels being activated at different temperatures a.mechanoreceptors b.chemoreceptors c.temperature receptors d.electromagnetic receptors e.nociceptors
c.temperature receptors
28
which TRP channel when activated gives moderate cold sensation at temp below 27 degrees a.TRPM7 b.TRPM8 c.TRPV3 c.TRPV4
b.TRPM8
29
which TRP channel when activated gives moderate warm sensation at temp 25 degrees a.TRPM7 b.TRPM8 c.TRPV3 c.TRPV4
c.TRPV3
30
which TRP channel when activated gives moderate warm sensation at temp 31 degrees a.TRPM7 b.TRPM8 c.TRPV3 c.TRPV4
c.TRPV4
31
which temperature channel is activated by menthol giving it a cooling effect a.TRPM7 b.TRPM8 c.TRPV3 c.TRPV4
b.TRPM8
32
pain receptors are free nerve endings tat respond to ....
chemicals associated with damage/ inflammation eg potassium, prostaglandins , ATP , adenosine and 5HT mechanical stress associated with tissue damage temperatures above 43 degress and below 18 degrees eg TRP channels
33
which type of pain receptor axons have slow conduction velocity resulting in a slow pain feeling a.type A b.type B c.type C d.type D
c.type C
34
which type of pain receptor axons have a fast velocity conduction and so give a fast pain feeling a.type A b.type B c.type C d.type D
a.type A
35
which type of axon conducts fastest a.small myelinated b.large myelinated c.large unmyelinated d.small unmyelinated
b.large myelinated
36
which fibres would be responsible for transmitting an aching pain a.type A b.type B c.type C d.type D
c.type C slow fibres
37
the cell body of the primary afferent nerve is located where a.muscle b.joint c.dorsal root ganglion d.spinal cord
c.dorsal root ganglion enters the spine via the dorsal root cell body in DRG outside the spinal cord
38
the slower axons travel to areas more dorsal in the spinal cord . which lamina does this indicate a.lamina I and II b.lamina III and IX
a.lamina I and II
39
the faster axons travel to areas more ventral/ deeper in the spinal cord . which lamina does this indicate a.lamina I and II b.lamina III and IX
b.lamina III and IX
40
which of these viruses reside in the primary afferent cell bodies in dorsal root ganglion of a certain spinal nerve . when this virus travels to the ends of this afferent nerve it causes pain and blistering in these areas so the rceeptor regions associated with this nerve become visible a.herpes simplex b.herpes zoster c.hepatitis c d.hepatitis A e. HIV
b.herpes zoster chicken pox
41
referred pain from the myocardium to the left arm is due to the afferents from the myocardium entering the spinal cord at which level associated with the left arm dermatome a.C4-C7 b.T1-T4 c.T6-T10 d.T12-L1
b.T1-T4
42
which ascending path carries information from temp, pain, crude touch and pressure receptors as well as tickling and itch sensation a.spinothalamic tract b.dorsal column
a.spinothalamic tract
43
which fibres transmit the information in the spinothalamic tract a.small b.large
a.small slower velocity poor spacial discrumination
44
after synapsing in the spine which neuron crosses the spine in the spinothalamic tract a.primary b.secondary c.tertiary
b.secondary then ascends contralaterally to the thalamus of the midbrain
45
after crossing the spine the secondary neuron ascends .............. to the thalamus of the midbrain in the spinothalamic tract a.contralaterally b.ipsilaterally
a.contralaterally
46
which neuron travels via the spinothalamic tract to the sensory cortex causing sensation to become concious a.primary b.secondary c,tertiary d.quaternary
c,tertiary
47
which ascending pathway carries information from proprioceptors with high discrimination and fast conduction velocity a.spinothalamic tract b.dorsal column c.spinocerebellar tract
b.dorsal column
48
primary afferents in the dorsal column do not synapse , instead they ascend... a.contralaterally b.ipsilaterally
b.ipsilaterally without crossing the spine ascend ti dorsal column nucleus in the brain synapses with 2nd neurone that crosses to the other side within the medulla
49
primary afferents in the dorsal column synapse with a secondary neuron that crosses to the other side where a. across the spinal cord b.the medulla c.the pituitary d.the hypothalamus
b.the medulla
50
where does the secondary neuron ( from the dorsal column) synapse with the tertiary neuron after leaving the medulla a.thalamus of mid brain b.hypothalamus c.cerebellum d. in the spine
a.thalamus of mid brain
51
which tract is especially important in control of movement and balance a.spinothalamic tract b.dorsal column c.spinocerebellar tract
c.spinocerebellar tract
52
somatosensory information arrives in the sensory cortical areas in the postcentral gyrus in which lobe a.frontal b.temporal c.parietal d.occipital
c.parietal
53
somatotrophic representation
different parts of the body are represented in different parts of the cortical areas
54
the somatic sensations from one side of the body are processed by the .......... side of the brain a.ipsilateral b.contralateral
b.contralateral
55
widespread damage of primary afferents can be caused by a.coagulopathy b.neuropathy c. huntingtons d.parkinsons
b.neuropathy
56
diabetes, MS, chronic alcohol consumption and chemotherapy can all cause what a.paralysis b.ataxia c.neuropathy d.aphasia
c.neuropathy
57
paraesthesia
pins and needles
58
anaesthesia
numbness
59
damage of the ascending tracts is usually a.bilateral b.unilateral
a.bilateral
60
damage to the ascending tracts causes what a.sensory loss of all modalities below the lesion b. sensory loss to some modalities below the lesion c.motor loss of all modalities below the lesion d.motor loss of some modalities below the lesion
a.sensory loss of all modalities below the lesion
61
some senses lost on one side and other senses lost on the other side indicate what a.unilateral damage to the ascending tracts b.bilateral damage to the ascending tracts
a.unilateral damage to the ascending tracts eg slow growing spinal tumour
62
which part of the ascending tracts is usually damaged following a stroke a. primary neurone b.area of crossing spine c.from spine /medulla to thalamus d.from thalamus to cortex
d.from thalamus to cortex (internal capsule) causes sensory loss in opposite side of the body potential paralysis if nearby motor areas are affected

Neurology 1 (44 decks)

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