Pathology - Intracranial Vascular pathology Flashcards
causes of intracranial vascular pathologies
atrial fibrillation
atherosclerosis
vasculitis
hypertension
amyloid
arteriovenous malformation
berry aneurysm
effects of intracranial vascular pathology
TIA/ ischaemic stroke
haemorrhage stroke
spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage
diminished oxygenation of tissue/organ causing dysfunction for a brief period of time
a.temporary ischaemia
b.prolonged ischaemia
c.infarction
d. shock
a.temporary ischaemia
diminished oxygenation for a prolonged period leading to necrosis
a.temporary ischaemia
b.prolonged ischaemia
c.infarction
d. shock
b.prolonged ischaemia
c.infarction
life threatening condition in which there is impairment of oxygenation of numerous organs
a.temporary ischaemia
b.prolonged ischaemia
c.infarction
d. shock
d. shock
intermittent periods of ischaemia in the heart is known as
a.unstable angina
b.stable angina
c.intermittent claudication
d.myocardial infarction
b.stable angina
a temporary disturbance in brain function due to temporary interruption to the blood supply to a region of the brain
A. Amyloid angiopathy
B. Ischaemic stroke
C. Haemorrhagic stroke
D. Subarachnoid haemorrhage
E. Transient ischaemic attack
E. Transient ischaemic attack
how many patients with TIA will have a stroke in the next 3 months
a. 15%
b.30%
c.60%
d.90%
a. 15%
thrombus secondary to what following MI can lead to TIA
a.ventricular tachycardia
b.ventricular fibrillation
c.atrial fibrillation
c.atrial fibrillation
causes of TIA
1) heart (thrombus a fib post MI)
2) blood vessels ( carotids - atheroma, thrombus)
what is an endarterectomy
a.operation to remove atheromatous build up in the endothelium
b. operation to remove embolus from a blood vessel
c.operation to remove thromoembolitic build ups from endothelium
d.camera insertion into artery to determine level of atheromatous build up
a.operation to remove atheromatous build up in the endothelium
irreversible necrosis of brain tissue due to ischaemia or haemorrhage
A. stroke
B. Ischaemic stroke
C. Haemorrhagic stroke
D. Subarachnoid haemorrhage
E. Transient ischaemic attack
A. stroke
irreversible necrosis of brain tissue due to insufficient oxygen
A. stroke
B. Ischaemic stroke
C. Haemorrhagic stroke
D. Subarachnoid haemorrhage
E. Transient ischaemic attack
B. Ischaemic stroke
damage to which artery is the most common cause of ischaemic stroke
a.anterior cerebral
b.posterior cerebral
c.superior cerebellar
d.middle cerebral
e.internal carotid
d.middle cerebral
inflammation of blood vessels
A. Atheromatous embolism
B. Carotid artery stenosis with thromboembolism
C. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
D. Extradural haematoma
E. vasculitis
E. vasculitis
vasculitis affecting cerebral blood vessels only or part of systemic vasculitis
A. CNS vasculitis
B. Carotid artery stenosis with thromboembolism
C. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
D. Extradural haematoma
E. vasculitis
A. CNS vasculitis
irreversible necrosis of brain tissue due to haemorrhage within the substance of the brain tissue
A. stroke
B. Ischaemic stroke
C. Haemorrhagic stroke
D. Subarachnoid haemorrhage
E. Transient ischaemic attack
C. Haemorrhagic stroke
what is the most common cause of haemorrhage stroke
a.vasculitis
b.ischaemia
c.hypotension
d.hypertension
e.embolism
d.hypertension
other causes include
amyloid antipathy
AVM - arteriovenous malformation
vasculitis
an abnormal protein that accumulates in tissues eg in Alzheimers
a. amyloid
b.choroid
a. amyloid
deposition of amyloid in cerebral blood vessel walls leading to an increased risk of haemorrhage
A. Atheromatous embolism
B. Carotid artery stenosis with thromboembolism
C. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
D. Extradural haematoma
E. vasculitis
C. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
cerebral amyloid antipathy (deposition of amyloid in cerebral blood vessel walls) leads to increased risk of what
a. ischaemia
b.haemorrhage
b.haemorrhage
which of these stains shows the accumulation of amyloid in the brain
a. congo red stain
b. indian ink
c.gram stain
d. h and e
a. congo red stain
a congenital abnormal tangle of arteries and veins within the substance of the brain or on the surface of the brain increasing the risk of bleeding
A. Atheromatous embolism
B. Carotid artery stenosis with thromboembolism
C. Arteriovenous malformation
D. Extradural haematoma
E. vasculitis
C. Arteriovenous malformation
a tear in which artery is the most common cause of an epidural haemotoma
a.anterior cerebral
b.posterior cerebral
c.middle meningeal
d.middle cerebral
e.internal carotid
c.middle meningeal
types of intracranial haemorrhage
epidural (middle meningeal artery)
subdural - bridging veins
subarachnoid - circle of willis
intracerebral
where does a subarachnoid haemorrhage occur
a.middle meningeal artery
b. middle cerebral artery
c. circle of willis
e.bridging veins
c. circle of willis
eg . berry aneurysm
where does a subdural haemorrhage occur
a.middle meningeal artery
b. middle cerebral artery
c. circle of willis
d.bridging veins
d.bridging veins
bulging and weakening of a blood vessel
a.aneurysm
b.embolism
c.thrombus
a.aneurysm
which type of aneurysm occurs in the circle of willis and increases risk of a subarachnoid haemorrhage
a. fusiform
b.berry
c.saccular
d.dissecting
e.false
b.berry
what type of haemorrhage is caused by spontaneous bleeding from a berry aneurysm in the circle of willis
a. epidural
b. subdural
c. subarachnoid
d. intracerebral
c. subarachnoid
sudden thunderclap headache, stiff neck, sickness , photophobia and stroke like symptoms indicate what
A. Atheromatous embolism
B. Carotid artery stenosis with thromboembolism
C. Arteriovenous malformation
D. subarachnoid haemorrhage
E. vasculitis
D. subarachnoid haemorrhage
in which of these conditions is there an increased risk of subarachnoid haemorrhage
a.PCOS
b.autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
c.autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
d.kidney stones
c.autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
