Neurosurgery - Hydrocephalus Flashcards
where is cerebrospinal fluid found
a.ventricles
b.arachnoid space
c.subarachnoid space
d.ventricles and subarachnoid space
d.ventricles and subarachnoid space
which cells produce cerebrospinal fluid
a.choroid
b.stellate
c.purkinje
a.choroid
where is the chorioid plexus found
a.globus pallidus, caudate nucleus and putamen
b.lateral ventricles, third and fourth ventricles
c.lateral ventricles, third ventricle and cerebral aqueduct
b.lateral ventricles, third and fourth ventricles
CSF is absorbed from outpouchings in which sinus known as arachnoid villli
a,dural arterial sinus
b.dural venous sinus
c.arachnoid venous sinus
b.dural venous sinus
arachnoid granulations pierce which layer of the meninges
a.pia
b.arachnoid
c.dura
c.dura
protrude into the dural venous sinuses
core of each granulation continuous with subarachnoid space so filled with CSF
surface has arachnoid villi to increase surface area
normally the pressure of the CSF is …………. than that of the venous circulation
a.higher
b.lower
c.the same
a.higher
what effect does raised venous pressure have on csf absorption
a.increased
b.decreased
b.decreased
less of a pressure difference between the high csf and venous pressure if that rises
what does the monro kellie doctrine describe the relationshio between
a.contents of the cranium and intracranial pressure
b.dural venous pressure and csf pressure
a.contents of the cranium and intracranial pressure
what can untreated hydrocephalus lead to withina year most commonly
a.neurologival disorders
b.cognitive disorders
c.death
c.death
what are the 4 causes of hydrocephalus
communicating blockage - blockage to csf resorption in arachnoid granulations/overproduction
non communicating blockage - within csf pathways
congenitial - spina bifida, aqueduct stenosis
aquired - tumour , infection and subarachnoid haeorrhage
blockage within the csf pathways what type of cause of hydrocephalus
a.communicating
b.non communicating
c.congenital
d.acquired
b.non communicating
aqueduct stenosis and spina bifida are examples of what type of cause of hydrocephalus
a.communicating
b.non communicating
c.congenital
d.acquired
c.congenital
infection , tumour and subarachnoid haemorrhageare examples of what type of cause of hydrocephalus
a.communicating
b.non communicating
c.congenital
d.acquired
d.acquired
which tumours commonly cause hydrocephalus
colloid cysts
pineal tumour
4th ventricular tumour
sunsetting gaze, macrocrania, recurrent vomiting , bradycardia and apnoea are all signs of hydrocephalus in
a.adults
b.infants
c.adolescents
b.infants
