Pathology - Forensic Pathology of head Injuries

Question 1

contusions

a.bruises
b.scratches
c.cuts
d.slashes
e.penetrating wounds

Answer 1

a.bruises

Question 2

abrasions

a.bruises
b.scratches
c.cuts
d.slashes
e.penetrating wounds

Answer 2

b.scratches

Question 3

lacerations

a.bruises
b.scratches
c.cuts
d.slashes
e.penetrating wounds

Answer 3

c.cuts

Question 4

incisions

a.bruises
b.scratches
c.cuts
d.slashes
e.penetrating wounds

Answer 4

d.slashes

Question 5

stab wounds

a.bruises
b.scratches
c.cuts
d.slashes
e.penetrating wounds

Answer 5

e.penetrating wounds

Question 6

direct blow to the orbit, injury of the front of the scalp and fracture of the base of the skull can all cause what

a/intracranial haemorrhage
b.black eye
c.blindness
d.optic nerve damage

Answer 6

b.black eye

Question 7

types of skull fracture

Answer 7

linear
depressed (depression in skull itself)
contra coup
hinge
ring
diastatic
pond

Question 8

what is the most common type of skull fracture

a.linear
b.depressed
c.diastatic
d.basilar

Answer 8

a.linear

Question 9

what is done in cases of linear skull fracture

a. observed in hospital for a few days
b.surgical intervention
c.close observation in hospital

Answer 9

a. observed in hospital for a few days

Question 10

which type of skull fracture occurs along the suture lines

a. linear
b.depressed
c.diastatic
d.skull

Answer 10

c.diastatic

(normal suture lines are widened)

Question 11

in which group are diastatic skull fractures most commonly seen

a.elderly
b.adolescents
c.babies

Answer 11

c.babies

Question 12

which type of skull fracture involves a break in the bone at the base of the skull

a. linear
b.depressed
c.diastatic
d.basilar

Answer 12

d.basilar

Question 13

raccoon bruising , bruising behind the ear and clear fluid draining from the ears/nose is seen in which type of fracture

a. linear
b.depressed
c.diastatic
d.basilar

Answer 13

d.basilar

Question 14

where does an extradural haemorrhage occur

a.between the skull and the dura
b.between the dura and the pia
c.between the two layers of the dura
d.between the pia and the arachnoid
e. between the dura and the brain

Answer 14

a.between the skull and the dura

Question 15

what results from torn vessels in the meninges in association with skull fracture

a.intradural haemorrhage
b.extradural haemorrhage
c. subarachnoid haemorrhage
d.encephalitis
e.hydrocephalus

Answer 15

b.extradural haemorrhage

Question 16

how can extradural haemorrhage cause death

a.cerebral compression and herniation
b.cerebral compression and thrombosis
c.cerebral compression and embolism
d.cerebellar compression and hydrocephalus

Answer 16

a.cerebral compression and herniation

Question 17

an initial loss of conciousness following trauma, a complete transient recovery followed by rapid neurological deterioration occurs following what

a.intradural haemorrhage
b.extradural haemorrhage
c.basilar fracture
d.linear fracture
e.subdural haemorrhage

Answer 17

b.extradural haemorrhage

LUCID INTERVAL - period of time between injury and death

Question 18

where does a subdural haemorrhage occur

x
a.between the skull and the dura
b.between the dura and the pia
c.between the two layers of the dura
d.between the dura and the arachnoid
e. between the dura and the brain

Answer 18

d.between the dura and the arachnoid

Question 19

which type of haemorrhage results from tearing of bridging veins which empty into the superior sagittal sinus

a.intradural haemorrhage
b.extradural haemorrhage
c.subdural haemorrhage

Answer 19

c.subdural haemorrhage

Question 20

a subdural haemorrhage occurs due to tearing of bridging veins which empty into which sinus

a.superior sagittal
b.inferior sagittal
c.lateral sagittal
d.medial sagittal

Answer 20

a.superior sagittal

Question 21

there is an increased risk of subdural haemorrhage in which age group

a.children
b.teens
c.elderly
d.babies

Answer 21

c.elderly

Question 22

alcoholics are at increased risk of what

a.intradural haemorrhage
b.extradural haemorrhage
c.subdural haemorrhage
d.basillar fracture
e.berry aneurysm

Answer 22

c.subdural haemorrhage

Question 23

subdural haemorrhage clinical presentation

Answer 23

headache and confusion within 48 hrs

Question 24

which of these is NOT a common area for a cerebral contusion

a.frontal poles
b.orbital surfaces of frontal poles
c.temporal poles
d.occipital poles
e.cortex adjacent to sylvian fissure

Answer 24

d.occipital poles

Question 25

when the contusions of the brain are directly below the point of trauma it is known as a...... a.coup injury b.contrecoup injury

Answer 25

a.coup injury

Question 26

when the contusions of the brain are directly opposite point of trauma it is known as a...... a.coup injury b.contrecoup injury

Answer 26

b.contrecoup injury

Question 27

which of these occurs after sudden deceleration and indicates movement of the head at. injury a.coup contusions b.countercoup contusions

Answer 27

b.countercoup contusions

Question 28

possible causes of bleeding in traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage

Answer 28

severe contusions and lacerations skull fracture tearing vessels at base of brain rupture of dissection in vertebral arteries blood from intraventricular haemorrhage

Question 29

what can occur as a chronic effect of traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage a.encephalitis b.cerebral compression and herniation c.hydrocephalus

Answer 29

c.hydrocephalus

Question 30

what injury is caused by shaking of the brain back and forth eg car accidents, falls and shaken baby syndrome a.intradural haemorrhage b.extradural haemorrhage c.subdural haemorrhage d.basillar fracture e.diffuse axonal injury

Answer 30

e.diffuse axonal injury

Question 31

what type of brain injury renders a patient unconscious from moment of injury without lucid interval, then remaining in a vegetative state or severely disabled a.intradural haemorrhage b.extradural haemorrhage c.subdural haemorrhage d.basillar fracture e.diffuse axonal injury

Answer 31

e.diffuse axonal injury

Question 32

histologically widespread axonal swelling highlighted by silver impregnantion techniques indicates what a.intradural haemorrhage b.extradural haemorrhage c.subdural haemorrhage d.basillar fracture e.diffuse axonal injury

Answer 32

e.diffuse axonal injury

Question 33

headache with vomiting, confusion and focal neurological signs eg paralysis, hemianopia and dysphasia , decreased conciousness, seizure and hemianopia indicate what a.intradural haemorrhage b.extradural haemorrhage c.raised intracranial pressure d.basillar fracture e.diffuse axonal injury

Answer 33

c.raised intracranial pressure

Question 34

flattening of the gyral pattern , lateral shift of midline structures and compression of the ventricle on the same side as a lesion indictaes what a.intradural haemorrhage b.extradural haemorrhage c.raised intracranial pressure d.basillar fracture e.diffuse axonal injury

Answer 34

c.raised intracranial pressure

Question 35

in raised intracranial pressure the ventricle can be compressed on the ........... side as any lesion a.same b.different

Answer 35

a.same

Question 36

when raised intracranial pressure causes portions of the brain to move from one intracranial compartment to another it is known as ... a.gyral flattening b. midline shift c.uncal herniation d.duret haemorrhage

Answer 36

c.uncal herniation

Question 37

multiple small haemorrhages in the midbrain or pons resulting from rapidly developing (central) herniation a.gyral flattening b. midline shift c.uncal herniation d.duret haemorrhage

Answer 37

d.duret haemorrhage