Pathology - Forensic Pathology of head Injuries Flashcards
contusions
a.bruises
b.scratches
c.cuts
d.slashes
e.penetrating wounds
a.bruises
abrasions
a.bruises
b.scratches
c.cuts
d.slashes
e.penetrating wounds
b.scratches
lacerations
a.bruises
b.scratches
c.cuts
d.slashes
e.penetrating wounds
c.cuts
incisions
a.bruises
b.scratches
c.cuts
d.slashes
e.penetrating wounds
d.slashes
stab wounds
a.bruises
b.scratches
c.cuts
d.slashes
e.penetrating wounds
e.penetrating wounds
direct blow to the orbit, injury of the front of the scalp and fracture of the base of the skull can all cause what
a/intracranial haemorrhage
b.black eye
c.blindness
d.optic nerve damage
b.black eye
types of skull fracture
linear
depressed (depression in skull itself)
contra coup
hinge
ring
diastatic
pond
what is the most common type of skull fracture
a.linear
b.depressed
c.diastatic
d.basilar
a.linear
what is done in cases of linear skull fracture
a. observed in hospital for a few days
b.surgical intervention
c.close observation in hospital
a. observed in hospital for a few days
which type of skull fracture occurs along the suture lines
a. linear
b.depressed
c.diastatic
d.skull
c.diastatic
(normal suture lines are widened)
in which group are diastatic skull fractures most commonly seen
a.elderly
b.adolescents
c.babies
c.babies
which type of skull fracture involves a break in the bone at the base of the skull
a. linear
b.depressed
c.diastatic
d.basilar
d.basilar
raccoon bruising , bruising behind the ear and clear fluid draining from the ears/nose is seen in which type of fracture
a. linear
b.depressed
c.diastatic
d.basilar
d.basilar
where does an extradural haemorrhage occur
a.between the skull and the dura
b.between the dura and the pia
c.between the two layers of the dura
d.between the pia and the arachnoid
e. between the dura and the brain
a.between the skull and the dura
what results from torn vessels in the meninges in association with skull fracture
a.intradural haemorrhage
b.extradural haemorrhage
c. subarachnoid haemorrhage
d.encephalitis
e.hydrocephalus
b.extradural haemorrhage
how can extradural haemorrhage cause death
a.cerebral compression and herniation
b.cerebral compression and thrombosis
c.cerebral compression and embolism
d.cerebellar compression and hydrocephalus
a.cerebral compression and herniation
an initial loss of conciousness following trauma, a complete transient recovery followed by rapid neurological deterioration occurs following what
a.intradural haemorrhage
b.extradural haemorrhage
c.basilar fracture
d.linear fracture
e.subdural haemorrhage
b.extradural haemorrhage
LUCID INTERVAL - period of time between injury and death
where does a subdural haemorrhage occur
x
a.between the skull and the dura
b.between the dura and the pia
c.between the two layers of the dura
d.between the dura and the arachnoid
e. between the dura and the brain
d.between the dura and the arachnoid
which type of haemorrhage results from tearing of bridging veins which empty into the superior sagittal sinus
a.intradural haemorrhage
b.extradural haemorrhage
c.subdural haemorrhage
c.subdural haemorrhage
a subdural haemorrhage occurs due to tearing of bridging veins which empty into which sinus
a.superior sagittal
b.inferior sagittal
c.lateral sagittal
d.medial sagittal
a.superior sagittal
there is an increased risk of subdural haemorrhage in which age group
a.children
b.teens
c.elderly
d.babies
c.elderly
alcoholics are at increased risk of what
a.intradural haemorrhage
b.extradural haemorrhage
c.subdural haemorrhage
d.basillar fracture
e.berry aneurysm
c.subdural haemorrhage
subdural haemorrhage clinical presentation
headache and confusion within 48 hrs
which of these is NOT a common area for a cerebral contusion
a.frontal poles
b.orbital surfaces of frontal poles
c.temporal poles
d.occipital poles
e.cortex adjacent to sylvian fissure
d.occipital poles
when the contusions of the brain are directly below the point of trauma it is known as a……
a.coup injury
b.contrecoup injury
a.coup injury
when the contusions of the brain are directly opposite point of trauma it is known as a……
a.coup injury
b.contrecoup injury
b.contrecoup injury
which of these occurs after sudden deceleration and indicates movement of the head at. injury
a.coup contusions
b.countercoup contusions
b.countercoup contusions
possible causes of bleeding in traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage
severe contusions and lacerations
skull fracture tearing vessels at base of brain
rupture of dissection in vertebral arteries
blood from intraventricular haemorrhage
what can occur as a chronic effect of traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage
a.encephalitis
b.cerebral compression and herniation
c.hydrocephalus
c.hydrocephalus
what injury is caused by shaking of the brain back and forth eg car accidents, falls and shaken baby syndrome
a.intradural haemorrhage
b.extradural haemorrhage
c.subdural haemorrhage
d.basillar fracture
e.diffuse axonal injury
e.diffuse axonal injury
what type of brain injury renders a patient unconscious from moment of injury without lucid interval, then remaining in a vegetative state or severely disabled
a.intradural haemorrhage
b.extradural haemorrhage
c.subdural haemorrhage
d.basillar fracture
e.diffuse axonal injury
e.diffuse axonal injury
histologically widespread axonal swelling highlighted by silver impregnantion techniques indicates what
a.intradural haemorrhage
b.extradural haemorrhage
c.subdural haemorrhage
d.basillar fracture
e.diffuse axonal injury
e.diffuse axonal injury
headache with vomiting, confusion and focal neurological signs eg paralysis, hemianopia and dysphasia , decreased conciousness, seizure and hemianopia indicate what
a.intradural haemorrhage
b.extradural haemorrhage
c.raised intracranial pressure
d.basillar fracture
e.diffuse axonal injury
c.raised intracranial pressure
flattening of the gyral pattern , lateral shift of midline structures and compression of the ventricle on the same side as a lesion indictaes what
a.intradural haemorrhage
b.extradural haemorrhage
c.raised intracranial pressure
d.basillar fracture
e.diffuse axonal injury
c.raised intracranial pressure
in raised intracranial pressure the ventricle can be compressed on the ……….. side as any lesion
a.same
b.different
a.same
when raised intracranial pressure causes portions of the brain to move from one intracranial compartment to another it is known as …
a.gyral flattening
b. midline shift
c.uncal herniation
d.duret haemorrhage
c.uncal herniation
multiple small haemorrhages in the midbrain or pons resulting from rapidly developing (central) herniation
a.gyral flattening
b. midline shift
c.uncal herniation
d.duret haemorrhage
d.duret haemorrhage
