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Neurology 1 > Pathology - Forensic Pathology of head Injuries > Flashcards

Pathology - Forensic Pathology of head Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

contusions

a.bruises
b.scratches
c.cuts
d.slashes
e.penetrating wounds

A

a.bruises

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2
Q

abrasions

a.bruises
b.scratches
c.cuts
d.slashes
e.penetrating wounds

A

b.scratches

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3
Q

lacerations

a.bruises
b.scratches
c.cuts
d.slashes
e.penetrating wounds

A

c.cuts

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4
Q

incisions

a.bruises
b.scratches
c.cuts
d.slashes
e.penetrating wounds

A

d.slashes

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5
Q

stab wounds

a.bruises
b.scratches
c.cuts
d.slashes
e.penetrating wounds

A

e.penetrating wounds

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6
Q

direct blow to the orbit, injury of the front of the scalp and fracture of the base of the skull can all cause what

a/intracranial haemorrhage
b.black eye
c.blindness
d.optic nerve damage

A

b.black eye

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7
Q

types of skull fracture

A

linear
depressed (depression in skull itself)
contra coup
hinge
ring
diastatic
pond

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8
Q

what is the most common type of skull fracture

a.linear
b.depressed
c.diastatic
d.basilar

A

a.linear

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9
Q

what is done in cases of linear skull fracture

a. observed in hospital for a few days
b.surgical intervention
c.close observation in hospital

A

a. observed in hospital for a few days

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10
Q

which type of skull fracture occurs along the suture lines

a. linear
b.depressed
c.diastatic
d.skull

A

c.diastatic

(normal suture lines are widened)

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11
Q

in which group are diastatic skull fractures most commonly seen

a.elderly
b.adolescents
c.babies

A

c.babies

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12
Q

which type of skull fracture involves a break in the bone at the base of the skull

a. linear
b.depressed
c.diastatic
d.basilar

A

d.basilar

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13
Q

raccoon bruising , bruising behind the ear and clear fluid draining from the ears/nose is seen in which type of fracture

a. linear
b.depressed
c.diastatic
d.basilar

A

d.basilar

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14
Q

where does an extradural haemorrhage occur

a.between the skull and the dura
b.between the dura and the pia
c.between the two layers of the dura
d.between the pia and the arachnoid
e. between the dura and the brain

A

a.between the skull and the dura

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15
Q

what results from torn vessels in the meninges in association with skull fracture

a.intradural haemorrhage
b.extradural haemorrhage
c. subarachnoid haemorrhage
d.encephalitis
e.hydrocephalus

A

b.extradural haemorrhage

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16
Q

how can extradural haemorrhage cause death

a.cerebral compression and herniation
b.cerebral compression and thrombosis
c.cerebral compression and embolism
d.cerebellar compression and hydrocephalus

A

a.cerebral compression and herniation

17
Q

an initial loss of conciousness following trauma, a complete transient recovery followed by rapid neurological deterioration occurs following what

a.intradural haemorrhage
b.extradural haemorrhage
c.basilar fracture
d.linear fracture
e.subdural haemorrhage

A

b.extradural haemorrhage

LUCID INTERVAL - period of time between injury and death

18
Q

where does a subdural haemorrhage occur

x
a.between the skull and the dura
b.between the dura and the pia
c.between the two layers of the dura
d.between the dura and the arachnoid
e. between the dura and the brain

A

d.between the dura and the arachnoid

19
Q

which type of haemorrhage results from tearing of bridging veins which empty into the superior sagittal sinus

a.intradural haemorrhage
b.extradural haemorrhage
c.subdural haemorrhage

A

c.subdural haemorrhage

20
Q

a subdural haemorrhage occurs due to tearing of bridging veins which empty into which sinus

a.superior sagittal
b.inferior sagittal
c.lateral sagittal
d.medial sagittal

A

a.superior sagittal

21
Q

there is an increased risk of subdural haemorrhage in which age group

a.children
b.teens
c.elderly
d.babies

A

c.elderly

22
Q

alcoholics are at increased risk of what

a.intradural haemorrhage
b.extradural haemorrhage
c.subdural haemorrhage
d.basillar fracture
e.berry aneurysm

A

c.subdural haemorrhage

23
Q

subdural haemorrhage clinical presentation

A

headache and confusion within 48 hrs

24
Q

which of these is NOT a common area for a cerebral contusion

a.frontal poles
b.orbital surfaces of frontal poles
c.temporal poles
d.occipital poles
e.cortex adjacent to sylvian fissure

A

d.occipital poles

25
Q

when the contusions of the brain are directly below the point of trauma it is known as a……

a.coup injury
b.contrecoup injury

A

a.coup injury

26
Q

when the contusions of the brain are directly opposite point of trauma it is known as a……

a.coup injury
b.contrecoup injury

A

b.contrecoup injury

27
Q

which of these occurs after sudden deceleration and indicates movement of the head at. injury

a.coup contusions
b.countercoup contusions

A

b.countercoup contusions

28
Q

possible causes of bleeding in traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage

A

severe contusions and lacerations
skull fracture tearing vessels at base of brain
rupture of dissection in vertebral arteries
blood from intraventricular haemorrhage

29
Q

what can occur as a chronic effect of traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage

a.encephalitis
b.cerebral compression and herniation
c.hydrocephalus

A

c.hydrocephalus

30
Q

what injury is caused by shaking of the brain back and forth eg car accidents, falls and shaken baby syndrome

a.intradural haemorrhage
b.extradural haemorrhage
c.subdural haemorrhage
d.basillar fracture
e.diffuse axonal injury

A

e.diffuse axonal injury

31
Q

what type of brain injury renders a patient unconscious from moment of injury without lucid interval, then remaining in a vegetative state or severely disabled

a.intradural haemorrhage
b.extradural haemorrhage
c.subdural haemorrhage
d.basillar fracture
e.diffuse axonal injury

A

e.diffuse axonal injury

32
Q

histologically widespread axonal swelling highlighted by silver impregnantion techniques indicates what

a.intradural haemorrhage
b.extradural haemorrhage
c.subdural haemorrhage
d.basillar fracture
e.diffuse axonal injury

A

e.diffuse axonal injury

33
Q

headache with vomiting, confusion and focal neurological signs eg paralysis, hemianopia and dysphasia , decreased conciousness, seizure and hemianopia indicate what

a.intradural haemorrhage
b.extradural haemorrhage
c.raised intracranial pressure
d.basillar fracture
e.diffuse axonal injury

A

c.raised intracranial pressure

34
Q

flattening of the gyral pattern , lateral shift of midline structures and compression of the ventricle on the same side as a lesion indictaes what

a.intradural haemorrhage
b.extradural haemorrhage
c.raised intracranial pressure
d.basillar fracture
e.diffuse axonal injury

A

c.raised intracranial pressure

35
Q

in raised intracranial pressure the ventricle can be compressed on the ……….. side as any lesion

a.same
b.different

A

a.same

36
Q

when raised intracranial pressure causes portions of the brain to move from one intracranial compartment to another it is known as …

a.gyral flattening
b. midline shift
c.uncal herniation
d.duret haemorrhage

A

c.uncal herniation

37
Q

multiple small haemorrhages in the midbrain or pons resulting from rapidly developing (central) herniation

a.gyral flattening
b. midline shift
c.uncal herniation
d.duret haemorrhage

A

d.duret haemorrhage

Neurology 1 (44 decks)

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