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Neurology 1 > Neurology - Introduction to Dementia > Flashcards

Neurology - Introduction to Dementia Flashcards

1
Q

cognition

A

memory, excecutive function, language, visuospatial, personality

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2
Q

when someone cannot do the things they used to because of new problems with memory and or thinking

a.mild cognitive impairment
b.dementia
c.alzheimers
d.parkinsons

A

b.dementia

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3
Q

what are the 2 categories of contributors to cognitive impairment

A

dementia causing disease
other

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4
Q

dementia causing diseases

A

alzheimers disease
dementia with lewy bodies
fronto-temporal disorders
vascular dementia

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5
Q

in which dementia causing disease is memory the prominent early clinical feature

a.alzheimers disease dementia
b.vascular dementia
c.dementia with lewy bodies
d.behavioural variant fronto temporal dementia
e. language frontotemporal dementia

A

a.alzheimers disease dementia

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6
Q

in which dementia is there an temporal association with stroke as the prominent early clinical feature

a.alzheimers disease dementia
b.vascular dementia
c.dementia with lewy bodies
d.behavioural variant fronto temporal dementia
e. language frontotemporal dementia

A

b.vascular dementia

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7
Q

in which dementia is there hallucinations as the prominent early clinical feature

a.alzheimers disease dementia
b.vascular dementia
c.dementia with lewy bodies
d.behavioural variant fronto temporal dementia
e. language frontotemporal dementia

A

c.dementia with lewy bodies

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8
Q

in which dementia is there behavioural change as the prominent early clinical feature

a.alzheimers disease dementia
b.vascular dementia
c.dementia with lewy bodies
d.behavioural variant fronto temporal dementia
e. language frontotemporal dementia

A

d.behavioural variant fronto temporal dementia

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9
Q

in which dementia is there language change as the prominent early clinical feature

a.alzheimers disease dementia
b.vascular dementia
c.dementia with lewy bodies
d.behavioural variant fronto temporal dementia
e. language frontotemporal dementia

A

e. language frontotemporal dementia

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10
Q

common overlapping pathology of dementia causing diseases

A

abnormal accumulation of protein
abnormal loss of brain

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11
Q

‘other’ causes of dementia (excluding dementia causing disease) fall into which 2 categories

A

diagnoses that mimic dementia - important not to miss
other factors detrimental to cognition

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12
Q

which of these are structural mimics of dementia

a.tumours, normal pressure hydrocephalus, subdural haemotoma

b.over treated diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease

c.HIV/AIDS

d.autoimmune encephalitis

e.temporal lobe epilepsy

A

a.tumours, normal pressure hydrocephalus, subdural haemotoma

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13
Q

which of these are metabolic mimics of dementia

a.tumours, normal pressure hydrocephalus, subdural haemotoma

b.over treated diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease

c.HIV/AIDS

d.autoimmune encephalitis

e.temporal lobe epilepsy

A

b.over treated diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease

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14
Q

which of these are infective mimics of dementia

a.tumours, normal pressure hydrocephalus, subdural haemotoma

b.over treated diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease

c.HIV/AIDS

d.autoimmune encephalitis

e.temporal lobe epilepsy

A

c.HIV/AIDS

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15
Q

which of these are inflammatory mimics of dementia

a.tumours, normal pressure hydrocephalus, subdural haemotoma

b.over treated diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease

c.HIV/AIDS

d.autoimmune encephalitis

e.temporal lobe epilepsy

A

d.autoimmune encephalitis

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16
Q

which of these are electrical mimics of dementia

a.tumours, normal pressure hydrocephalus, subdural haemotoma

b.over treated diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease

c.HIV/AIDS

d.autoimmune encephalitis

e.temporal lobe epilepsy

A

e.temporal lobe epilepsy

17
Q

which type of epilepsy can be a mimic of dementia

a.temporal lobe
b.generalised
c.frontal lobe
d.occipital lobe

A

a.temporal lobe

18
Q

other psychiatric conditions eg. depression, anxiety,delirium fall under which group of dementia causes

a.dementia causing disease
b.other - dementia mimics
c.other - contributors to progressive cognitive impairment

A

c.other - contributors to progressive cognitive impairment

19
Q

fibromyalgia and perimenopause fall under which group of dementia causes

a.dementia causing disease
b.other - dementia mimics
c.other - contributors to progressive cognitive impairment

A

c.other - contributors to progressive cognitive impairment

20
Q

how is dementia diagnosed

a.ct brain
b.mri brain
c.eeg
d.clinical diagnosis

A

d.clinical diagnosis

functional impairment due to cognitive decline not caused by something else

21
Q

approach to history taking for dementia

A

from patient initially then collateral history

22
Q

history of presenting complaint questions for dementia

A

when were they last well
what has changed
what are the concerns
talk me through a normal day

23
Q

history of presenting complaint questions for memory in dementia

A

repetition, phone calls, visitors, recognising family

24
Q

history of presenting complaint questions for excecutive function in dementia

A

remote control, food prep

25
Q

history of presenting complaint questions for visuospatial abilities in dementia

A

shopping centres

26
Q

history of presenting complaint questions for personality and behaviour in dementia

A

short tempered
apathetic
loss of empathy

27
Q

history of presenting complaint questions for language changes in dementia

A

word finding difficulties
loss of fluency

28
Q

neuropsychoatric inventory

A

agitation/aggression
depression/anxiety
elation/euphoria
apathy/indifference
disinhibition
irritability
delusions/hallucinations
abberant motor behaviour
sleep
appetite and eating disorders

29
Q

functional impairment questions for HPC

A

personal care
kitchen
bills
money
transport

30
Q

safety questions to ask in hPC

A

kitchen
wandering
smoking
medications
nutrition
money

31
Q

physical exams for suspected dementia

A

CV and resp
weight
focal neurological signs
extrapyrimidal signs
primitive reflexes

mental state exam
appearance, behaviour, speech,mood

32
Q

3 tests for cognitive assessment

A

mini mental state examination
montreal cognitive examination
addenbrookes cognitive examination

33
Q

approach to finding cause of dementia

A

rule out other causes/contributors
identify a dementia causing disease

34
Q

initial investigations for dementia causing disease

A

bloods
ecg
ct/mri

35
Q

what is seen on MRI in dementia

a.diffuse atrophy
b.focal atrophy
c.diffuse hypertrophy
d.focal dysplasia

A

b.focal atrophy

36
Q

what appears on FDG- PETCT in alzheimers disease

a.increased uptake
b.decreased uptake

A

b.decreased uptake

less pink replaced with yellow and green (blue = less uptake red = more)

Neurology 1 (44 decks)

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