Neurology - Introduction to Dementia Flashcards
cognition
memory, excecutive function, language, visuospatial, personality
when someone cannot do the things they used to because of new problems with memory and or thinking
a.mild cognitive impairment
b.dementia
c.alzheimers
d.parkinsons
b.dementia
what are the 2 categories of contributors to cognitive impairment
dementia causing disease
other
dementia causing diseases
alzheimers disease
dementia with lewy bodies
fronto-temporal disorders
vascular dementia
in which dementia causing disease is memory the prominent early clinical feature
a.alzheimers disease dementia
b.vascular dementia
c.dementia with lewy bodies
d.behavioural variant fronto temporal dementia
e. language frontotemporal dementia
a.alzheimers disease dementia
in which dementia is there an temporal association with stroke as the prominent early clinical feature
a.alzheimers disease dementia
b.vascular dementia
c.dementia with lewy bodies
d.behavioural variant fronto temporal dementia
e. language frontotemporal dementia
b.vascular dementia
in which dementia is there hallucinations as the prominent early clinical feature
a.alzheimers disease dementia
b.vascular dementia
c.dementia with lewy bodies
d.behavioural variant fronto temporal dementia
e. language frontotemporal dementia
c.dementia with lewy bodies
in which dementia is there behavioural change as the prominent early clinical feature
a.alzheimers disease dementia
b.vascular dementia
c.dementia with lewy bodies
d.behavioural variant fronto temporal dementia
e. language frontotemporal dementia
d.behavioural variant fronto temporal dementia
in which dementia is there language change as the prominent early clinical feature
a.alzheimers disease dementia
b.vascular dementia
c.dementia with lewy bodies
d.behavioural variant fronto temporal dementia
e. language frontotemporal dementia
e. language frontotemporal dementia
common overlapping pathology of dementia causing diseases
abnormal accumulation of protein
abnormal loss of brain
‘other’ causes of dementia (excluding dementia causing disease) fall into which 2 categories
diagnoses that mimic dementia - important not to miss
other factors detrimental to cognition
which of these are structural mimics of dementia
a.tumours, normal pressure hydrocephalus, subdural haemotoma
b.over treated diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease
c.HIV/AIDS
d.autoimmune encephalitis
e.temporal lobe epilepsy
a.tumours, normal pressure hydrocephalus, subdural haemotoma
which of these are metabolic mimics of dementia
a.tumours, normal pressure hydrocephalus, subdural haemotoma
b.over treated diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease
c.HIV/AIDS
d.autoimmune encephalitis
e.temporal lobe epilepsy
b.over treated diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease
which of these are infective mimics of dementia
a.tumours, normal pressure hydrocephalus, subdural haemotoma
b.over treated diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease
c.HIV/AIDS
d.autoimmune encephalitis
e.temporal lobe epilepsy
c.HIV/AIDS
which of these are inflammatory mimics of dementia
a.tumours, normal pressure hydrocephalus, subdural haemotoma
b.over treated diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease
c.HIV/AIDS
d.autoimmune encephalitis
e.temporal lobe epilepsy
d.autoimmune encephalitis
which of these are electrical mimics of dementia
a.tumours, normal pressure hydrocephalus, subdural haemotoma
b.over treated diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease
c.HIV/AIDS
d.autoimmune encephalitis
e.temporal lobe epilepsy
e.temporal lobe epilepsy
which type of epilepsy can be a mimic of dementia
a.temporal lobe
b.generalised
c.frontal lobe
d.occipital lobe
a.temporal lobe
other psychiatric conditions eg. depression, anxiety,delirium fall under which group of dementia causes
a.dementia causing disease
b.other - dementia mimics
c.other - contributors to progressive cognitive impairment
c.other - contributors to progressive cognitive impairment
fibromyalgia and perimenopause fall under which group of dementia causes
a.dementia causing disease
b.other - dementia mimics
c.other - contributors to progressive cognitive impairment
c.other - contributors to progressive cognitive impairment
how is dementia diagnosed
a.ct brain
b.mri brain
c.eeg
d.clinical diagnosis
d.clinical diagnosis
functional impairment due to cognitive decline not caused by something else
approach to history taking for dementia
from patient initially then collateral history
history of presenting complaint questions for dementia
when were they last well
what has changed
what are the concerns
talk me through a normal day
history of presenting complaint questions for memory in dementia
repetition, phone calls, visitors, recognising family
history of presenting complaint questions for excecutive function in dementia
remote control, food prep
history of presenting complaint questions for visuospatial abilities in dementia
shopping centres
history of presenting complaint questions for personality and behaviour in dementia
short tempered
apathetic
loss of empathy
history of presenting complaint questions for language changes in dementia
word finding difficulties
loss of fluency
neuropsychoatric inventory
agitation/aggression
depression/anxiety
elation/euphoria
apathy/indifference
disinhibition
irritability
delusions/hallucinations
abberant motor behaviour
sleep
appetite and eating disorders
functional impairment questions for HPC
personal care
kitchen
bills
money
transport
safety questions to ask in hPC
kitchen
wandering
smoking
medications
nutrition
money
physical exams for suspected dementia
CV and resp
weight
focal neurological signs
extrapyrimidal signs
primitive reflexes
mental state exam
appearance, behaviour, speech,mood
3 tests for cognitive assessment
mini mental state examination
montreal cognitive examination
addenbrookes cognitive examination
approach to finding cause of dementia
rule out other causes/contributors
identify a dementia causing disease
initial investigations for dementia causing disease
bloods
ecg
ct/mri
what is seen on MRI in dementia
a.diffuse atrophy
b.focal atrophy
c.diffuse hypertrophy
d.focal dysplasia
b.focal atrophy
what appears on FDG- PETCT in alzheimers disease
a.increased uptake
b.decreased uptake
b.decreased uptake
less pink replaced with yellow and green (blue = less uptake red = more)
