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Neurology 1 > Physiology - Hearing and Vestibular system > Flashcards

Physiology - Hearing and Vestibular system Flashcards

1
Q

in which part of the ear is the tympanic membrane found

a.outer
b.middle
c.inner

A

a.outer

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2
Q

which part of the ear made up of the hammer, anvil and stirrup

a.outer
b.middle
c.inner

A

b.middle

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3
Q

which part of the ear are the cochlea, vestibule and semicircular canals found

a.outer
b.middle
c.inner

A

c.inner

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4
Q

which element of the inner ear contributes to hearing

aa.malleus
b.hammer
c.tympanic membrane
d.cochlea
e.vestibule

A

d.cochlea

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5
Q

which element of the inner ear contributes to balance

aa.malleus
b.hammer
c.tympanic membrane
d.cochlea
e.vestibule and semicircular canals

A

e.vestibule and semicircular canals

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6
Q

what are the 3 roles of the ear drum

A

amplification
impedance matching

critical damping

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7
Q

impedance matching

A

weak vibrations over large area of ear drum magnified by ossicles and concentrated into strong vibrations over small area of the oval window In order to displace fluid in inner ear

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8
Q

the oval window Is found adjacent to which bone of the middle ear

a. stirrup
b.malleus
c.anvil

A

a. stirrup

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9
Q

what are the 3 chambers of the cochlea

A

scala vestibuli
scala media
scala tympani

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10
Q

which chambers of the cochlea are continuous and contain a fluid rich in Na ions (perilymph)

a.scala vestibuli and scala tympani

b.scala vestibuli and scala media

c.scala media and scala tympani

A

a.scala vestibuli and scala tympani

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11
Q

the scala vestibuli and scala tympani contain perilymph which rich in which substance ions

a.potassium
b.calcium
c.iron
d.sodium

A

d.sodium

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12
Q

which chamber of the cochlea contains endolymph (rich in potassium)

a.scala vestibuli

b.scala tympani

c.scala media

A

c.scala media

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13
Q

which of these substances is rich in potassium and found in the scala media

a.perilymph
b.endolymph
c.lymph

A

b.endolymph

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14
Q

most of the afferent fibres In the cochlear nerve come from which hair cells

a.outer hair cells
b.inner cells

A

b.inner cells

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15
Q

where do most efferent fibres of the cochlear nerve go to

a outer hair cells
b. inner hair cells

A

a outer hair cells

modulators of sensitivity of the inner hair cells

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16
Q

the entrance of which substance into hair cells depolarises them setting up an AP in the 8th nerve

a.sodium
b.calcium
d.potassium
e.iron

A

d.potassium

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17
Q

the entrance of which substance into hair cells depolarises them setting up an AP in the 8th nerve

a.sodium
b.calcium
d.potassium
e.iron

A

d.potassium

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18
Q

the stria vascular recycles potassium from the hair cells to what

a.endolymph
b.perilymph

A

a.endolymph

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19
Q

which part of the sound wave dictates pitch

a.frequency
b.amplitude

A

a.frequency

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20
Q

which part of the sound wave dictates loudness

a.frequency
b.amplitude

A

b.amplitude

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21
Q

what is coded dependent on which portion of the basilar membrane is maximally stimulated by the travelling sound waves set up by oval window vibrations

a.frequency
b.amplitude

A

a.frequency

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22
Q

near the oval window the basilar membrane is ..

a.narrow and stiff

b.wide and floppy

A

a.narrow and stiff

maximally vibrated by high frequency (high pitch ) sounds

23
Q

near the helicotrema the basilar membrane is ..

a.narrow and stiff

b.wide and floppy

A

b.wide and floppy

maximally vibrated low frequency (low pitch)

guitar strings - loose tick streams = lower sounds that thin tight strings

24
Q

what is coded for by the frequency of action potential of the hair cells

a.amplitude
b.frequency

A

a.amplitude

loudness

25
Q

which lobe is the auditory cortex located in

a.frontal
b.parietal
c.occipital
d.temporal

A

d.temporal

26
Q

where in the temporal lobe is the auditory cortex located

a.inferior
b.superior
c.lateral
d.medial
e.anterior

A

b.superior

in the Sylvian fissure

27
Q

what is located in the Sylvia fissure

a.auditory cortex
b.visual cortex
c.sensory cortex

A

a.auditory cortex

28
Q

which part of the auditory cortex is a columnar map of the basilar membrane

a.primary auditory cortex
b.auditory association area

A

a.primary auditory cortex

29
Q

patient speaking gibberish indicates damage to which area

a.brocas
b.wernickes

A

b.wernickes

language comprehension

wernickes aphasia

30
Q

patient knows what they want to say but can’t get it out indicates damage to which area

a.brocas
b,wernickes

A

a.brocas

language production

31
Q

which type of deafness occurs when there is impaired sound conduction from the pinna to the inner ear

a.conductive deafness
b.sensorineural deafness

A

a.conductive deafness

32
Q

which type of deafness occurs when there is damage to the hair cells / neural pathways

a.conductive deafness
b.sensorineural deafness

A

b.sensorineural deafness

33
Q

a perforated ear drum/middle ear infection/damaged ossicles leads to which type of deafness

a.conductive deafness
b.sensorineural deafness

A

b.sensorineural deafness

34
Q

music being too loud in headphones and shearing hair cells that are not regenerated leads to which kind of deafness

a.conductive deafness
b.sensorineural deafness

A

b.sensorineural deafness

35
Q

which of these antibiotics CANNOT enter channels of hair cells and disrupt their function resulting in sensorineural deafness

a.amoxicillin
b.streptomycin
c.gentamycin

A

a.amoxicillin

MYCINs damage ear hairs

36
Q

nerve deafness usually results in defects of hearing …………. frequencies

a.higher
b.lower

A

a.higher

37
Q

what is the vestibule divided into

A

utricle
saccule

38
Q

how many semi circular canals are there per ear

a.1
b.2
c.3
d.4

A

c.3

39
Q

which acceleration is detected in the vestibule

a.linear
b.horizontal
c.saccule

A

a.linear

40
Q

what acceleration is detected by the utricle in a upright human

a.horizontal
b.vertical

A

a.horizontal

41
Q

what acceleration is detected by the saccule in an upright human

a.horizontal
b.vertical

A

b.vertical

42
Q

where are the ampulla found

a.the utricle
b.the saccule
c.the semi circular canals
d.the base of each semicircular canal

A

d.the base of each semicircular canal

43
Q

the crista ampullae is the gelatinous ridge found within which structures

a.the utricle
b.the saccule
c.the semi circular canals
d.the base of each semicircular canal
e.the ampullae

A

e.the ampullae

gelatinous mass = cupula

44
Q

what is displaced when the head rotates

a.crista ampullae
b.apullae
c. utricle
d.cupula

A

d.cupula

45
Q

other hairs bend………….. the largest - kinocillium when the head turns causing an increased nerve firing

a.towards
b.away

A

a.towards

46
Q

other hairs bend………….. the largest - kinocillium when the head suddenly stops turning causing an decreased nerve firing

a.towards
b.away

A

b.away

47
Q

otoliths are crystals of what embedded in the gelatinous layers of the utricle and saccule

a. magnesium carbonate
b.calcium chloride
c.urate
d.calcium carbonate

A

d.calcium carbonate

48
Q

projections of the vestibular nucleus of the medulla to which structure allows for balance and predicted effect of rapid movements on balance

a.cerebellum
b.temporal lobe
c. spinal cord
d.reticular formation

A

a.cerebellum

49
Q

projections of the vestibular nucleus of the medulla to which structure allows for maintenance of equilibrium
a.cerebellum
b.temporal lobe
c. spinal cord
d.reticular formation

A

c. spinal cord

50
Q

projections of the vestibular nucleus of the medulla to which structure allows for concious sensations of equilibrium and for vestibule ocular reflex and nystagmus

a.cerebellum
b.temporal lobe
c. spinal cord
d.reticular formation

A

d.reticular formation

51
Q

the pursuit movement of the eye during head rotation is known as

A

nystagmus

eye fixates on a single object then flicks back to og position when the eye has reached the limit of its rotation (saccade)

flicking eyes side to side / up nd down

52
Q

nystagmus is controlled by which part of the ear

a.ampullae
b.utricle
c.saccule
d.semi circular canal

A

d.semi circular canal

53
Q

postratatory nystagmus can be seen when warm saline is injected where

a.ear canal
b.cochlear
c.auditory cortex
d.semi circular canal

A

a.ear canal

54
Q

motion sickness arises when the signals of the visual system signalling stationary contrandicts which signal of the vestibular system

a. Horizontal
b.vertical

A

a. Horizontal

Neurology 1 (44 decks)

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