Physiology - Hearing and Vestibular system Flashcards
in which part of the ear is the tympanic membrane found
a.outer
b.middle
c.inner
a.outer
which part of the ear made up of the hammer, anvil and stirrup
a.outer
b.middle
c.inner
b.middle
which part of the ear are the cochlea, vestibule and semicircular canals found
a.outer
b.middle
c.inner
c.inner
which element of the inner ear contributes to hearing
aa.malleus
b.hammer
c.tympanic membrane
d.cochlea
e.vestibule
d.cochlea
which element of the inner ear contributes to balance
aa.malleus
b.hammer
c.tympanic membrane
d.cochlea
e.vestibule and semicircular canals
e.vestibule and semicircular canals
what are the 3 roles of the ear drum
amplification
impedance matching
critical damping
impedance matching
weak vibrations over large area of ear drum magnified by ossicles and concentrated into strong vibrations over small area of the oval window In order to displace fluid in inner ear
the oval window Is found adjacent to which bone of the middle ear
a. stirrup
b.malleus
c.anvil
a. stirrup
what are the 3 chambers of the cochlea
scala vestibuli
scala media
scala tympani
which chambers of the cochlea are continuous and contain a fluid rich in Na ions (perilymph)
a.scala vestibuli and scala tympani
b.scala vestibuli and scala media
c.scala media and scala tympani
a.scala vestibuli and scala tympani
the scala vestibuli and scala tympani contain perilymph which rich in which substance ions
a.potassium
b.calcium
c.iron
d.sodium
d.sodium
which chamber of the cochlea contains endolymph (rich in potassium)
a.scala vestibuli
b.scala tympani
c.scala media
c.scala media
which of these substances is rich in potassium and found in the scala media
a.perilymph
b.endolymph
c.lymph
b.endolymph
most of the afferent fibres In the cochlear nerve come from which hair cells
a.outer hair cells
b.inner cells
b.inner cells
where do most efferent fibres of the cochlear nerve go to
a outer hair cells
b. inner hair cells
a outer hair cells
modulators of sensitivity of the inner hair cells
the entrance of which substance into hair cells depolarises them setting up an AP in the 8th nerve
a.sodium
b.calcium
d.potassium
e.iron
d.potassium
the entrance of which substance into hair cells depolarises them setting up an AP in the 8th nerve
a.sodium
b.calcium
d.potassium
e.iron
d.potassium
the stria vascular recycles potassium from the hair cells to what
a.endolymph
b.perilymph
a.endolymph
which part of the sound wave dictates pitch
a.frequency
b.amplitude
a.frequency
which part of the sound wave dictates loudness
a.frequency
b.amplitude
b.amplitude
what is coded dependent on which portion of the basilar membrane is maximally stimulated by the travelling sound waves set up by oval window vibrations
a.frequency
b.amplitude
a.frequency
near the oval window the basilar membrane is ..
a.narrow and stiff
b.wide and floppy
a.narrow and stiff
maximally vibrated by high frequency (high pitch ) sounds
near the helicotrema the basilar membrane is ..
a.narrow and stiff
b.wide and floppy
b.wide and floppy
maximally vibrated low frequency (low pitch)
guitar strings - loose tick streams = lower sounds that thin tight strings
what is coded for by the frequency of action potential of the hair cells
a.amplitude
b.frequency
a.amplitude
loudness
which lobe is the auditory cortex located in
a.frontal
b.parietal
c.occipital
d.temporal
d.temporal
where in the temporal lobe is the auditory cortex located
a.inferior
b.superior
c.lateral
d.medial
e.anterior
b.superior
in the Sylvian fissure
what is located in the Sylvia fissure
a.auditory cortex
b.visual cortex
c.sensory cortex
a.auditory cortex
which part of the auditory cortex is a columnar map of the basilar membrane
a.primary auditory cortex
b.auditory association area
a.primary auditory cortex
patient speaking gibberish indicates damage to which area
a.brocas
b.wernickes
b.wernickes
language comprehension
wernickes aphasia
patient knows what they want to say but can’t get it out indicates damage to which area
a.brocas
b,wernickes
a.brocas
language production
which type of deafness occurs when there is impaired sound conduction from the pinna to the inner ear
a.conductive deafness
b.sensorineural deafness
a.conductive deafness
which type of deafness occurs when there is damage to the hair cells / neural pathways
a.conductive deafness
b.sensorineural deafness
b.sensorineural deafness
a perforated ear drum/middle ear infection/damaged ossicles leads to which type of deafness
a.conductive deafness
b.sensorineural deafness
b.sensorineural deafness
music being too loud in headphones and shearing hair cells that are not regenerated leads to which kind of deafness
a.conductive deafness
b.sensorineural deafness
b.sensorineural deafness
which of these antibiotics CANNOT enter channels of hair cells and disrupt their function resulting in sensorineural deafness
a.amoxicillin
b.streptomycin
c.gentamycin
a.amoxicillin
MYCINs damage ear hairs
nerve deafness usually results in defects of hearing …………. frequencies
a.higher
b.lower
a.higher
what is the vestibule divided into
utricle
saccule
how many semi circular canals are there per ear
a.1
b.2
c.3
d.4
c.3
which acceleration is detected in the vestibule
a.linear
b.horizontal
c.saccule
a.linear
what acceleration is detected by the utricle in a upright human
a.horizontal
b.vertical
a.horizontal
what acceleration is detected by the saccule in an upright human
a.horizontal
b.vertical
b.vertical
where are the ampulla found
a.the utricle
b.the saccule
c.the semi circular canals
d.the base of each semicircular canal
d.the base of each semicircular canal
the crista ampullae is the gelatinous ridge found within which structures
a.the utricle
b.the saccule
c.the semi circular canals
d.the base of each semicircular canal
e.the ampullae
e.the ampullae
gelatinous mass = cupula
what is displaced when the head rotates
a.crista ampullae
b.apullae
c. utricle
d.cupula
d.cupula
other hairs bend………….. the largest - kinocillium when the head turns causing an increased nerve firing
a.towards
b.away
a.towards
other hairs bend………….. the largest - kinocillium when the head suddenly stops turning causing an decreased nerve firing
a.towards
b.away
b.away
otoliths are crystals of what embedded in the gelatinous layers of the utricle and saccule
a. magnesium carbonate
b.calcium chloride
c.urate
d.calcium carbonate
d.calcium carbonate
projections of the vestibular nucleus of the medulla to which structure allows for balance and predicted effect of rapid movements on balance
a.cerebellum
b.temporal lobe
c. spinal cord
d.reticular formation
a.cerebellum
projections of the vestibular nucleus of the medulla to which structure allows for maintenance of equilibrium
a.cerebellum
b.temporal lobe
c. spinal cord
d.reticular formation
c. spinal cord
projections of the vestibular nucleus of the medulla to which structure allows for concious sensations of equilibrium and for vestibule ocular reflex and nystagmus
a.cerebellum
b.temporal lobe
c. spinal cord
d.reticular formation
d.reticular formation
the pursuit movement of the eye during head rotation is known as
nystagmus
eye fixates on a single object then flicks back to og position when the eye has reached the limit of its rotation (saccade)
flicking eyes side to side / up nd down
nystagmus is controlled by which part of the ear
a.ampullae
b.utricle
c.saccule
d.semi circular canal
d.semi circular canal
postratatory nystagmus can be seen when warm saline is injected where
a.ear canal
b.cochlear
c.auditory cortex
d.semi circular canal
a.ear canal
motion sickness arises when the signals of the visual system signalling stationary contrandicts which signal of the vestibular system
a. Horizontal
b.vertical
a. Horizontal
