Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology 1 > Pharmacology - Pharmacology of epilepsies > Flashcards

Pharmacology - Pharmacology of epilepsies Flashcards

1
Q

predisposition to generate recurrent unprovoked epileptic seizures ( due to excessive electrical discharges in the brain) and the associated cognitive, psychological and social consequences

A

epilepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what percentage of people with epilepsy have pharmacoresistant epilepsy

a.50%
b.20%
c.30%
d.40%

A

c.30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the 3 types of epilepsy

A

focal onset
generalised onset - absence (rapid blinking, few seconds staring into space)
tonic clonic ( cry out, lose consciousness, muscle jerks and tiredness)
myoclonic (brief muscle spasms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which type of seizure starts in the mesial temporal lobe (limbic region) leading to hallucinations of smell, taste a funny feeling in the tummy, and memory disturbances plus psychiatric dysfunction

a.focal onset
b.generalised onset
c.motor onset

A

a.focal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which type of seizure has electrical misactivity all over the brain

a.focal onset
b.generalised onset
c.motor onset

A

b.generalised onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the key excitatory neurotransmitter

a.dopamine
b.serotonin
c.glutamate
d.GABA
e.Ach

A

c.glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the key inhibitory neurotransmitter

a.dopamine
b.serotonin
c.glutamate
d.GABA
e.Ach

A

d.GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

activation of sodium channels on the presynaptic neuron has what effect on neurotransmitter release

a.increased
b.decreased

A

a.increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

opening of the GABA a receptor allows which substance to move into the post synaptic neuron

a.sodium
b.magnesium
c.potassium
d.chloride

A

d.chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what effect does chloride moving into the post synaptic neuron have
..

a.excitation
b.inhibiton

A

b.inhibiton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which group of drugs act on the GABA receptor to promote inhibition (likely question )

a.topiramate, benozodiazepines .valproate

b.phenytoin, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, levetiracetam

A

a.topiramate, benozodiazepines .valproate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which of these groups of drugs reduce excitation by acting on glutamate receptors (likely question)

a.topiramate, benozodiazepines .valproate

b.phenytoin, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, levetiracetam

A

b.phenytoin, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, levetiracetam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what presynaptic channel do carbamazepine and phenytoin work on

a.calcium
b.sodium
c.potassium

A

b.sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which of these drugs can exacerbate absence and myoclonic seizures

a.carbamazepine
b.sodium valproate
c.torpiramate
d.lamotrigrine
e.levetiracetam

A

a.carbamazepine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which of these drugs can exacerbate absence and myoclonic seizures

a.phenytoin
b.sodium valproate
c.torpiramate
d.lamotrigrine
e.levetiracetam

A

a.phenytoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

if someone presents with focal/ generalised epilepsy which drug is first choice

a.carbamazepine
b.phenytoin
c.sodium valproate
d.lamotrigine
e.levitiracetam

A

interacts the least and has the least side effects

d.lamotrigine
e.levitiracetam
effective against all seizure types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what seizure type is the most effective against generalised seizure types

a.carbamazepine
b.phenytoin
c.sodium valporate
d.lamotrigine
e.leveriracetam

A

c.sodium valporate

but has side effects so not the best to start with especially for women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the mode of action of carbamazepine

a.calcium channel blocker
b.sodium channel blocker
c. potassium channel blocker

A

b.sodium channel blocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the main side effect of carbamazepine

a.strong hepatic enzyme disturbance
b.kidney failure
c.nausea

A

a.strong hepatic enzyme disturbance

so has lots of interactions

and can disturb liver function so has ro be monitored

induces enzymes to metabolise itself over wks / months so may need dose increase

RASH - Steven johnson syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what has to be monitored in patients taking carbamazepine

a.wbc
b. fluid levels
c. bilirubin
d.lft
e.thyroid function

A

d.lft

function can be disturbed
plus major side effect of inducing liver enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

which side effects of carbamazepine are dose dependent

a.liver enzyme induction
b.diplopia,ataxia, fatigue
c.hyponatraemia
d.bone marrow surpression, hepatic derangement

A

b.diplopia,ataxia, fatigue
c.hyponatraemia
d.bone marrow surpression, hepatic derangement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what effect does carbamazepine have on bone marrow

a.surpression
b.activation

A

a.surpression

changes in platelet function, anaemia, hb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

patient has a rash following taking carbamazepine what syndrome does this indicate

a.steven johnson
b.eaton Lambert
c.cushings
d. brown squared

A

a.steven johnson

organ failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what side effect of carbamazepine should the patient be advised to stop the drug and phone doctor immediately

a.diplopia
b.ataxia
cfatigue
d.rash
e.hyperensitivity

A

d.rash
Steven johnson syndorome

24
Q

what side effect of carbamazepine should the patient be advised to stop the drug and phone doctor immediately

a.diplopia
b.ataxia
cfatigue
d.rash
e.hyperensitivity

A

d.rash
Steven johnson syndorome

25
Q

what contraception does carbamazepine interact with

a.progesterone only
b.combined

A

a.progesterone only

26
Q

key drugs that carbamazepine interacts with

A

CARDIAC
ANTIBIOTICS
STEROIDS

27
Q

which age group should not be prescribed carbamazepine

a.young adults
b.elderly

A

b.elderly

bone effects

28
Q

what IS THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF PHENYTOIN

a.calcium channel blocker
b.sodium channel blocker
c. potassium channel blocker

A

b.sodium channel blocker

29
Q

dizziness, fatigue, diplopia, nystagmus , rash and sedation teratogens effects are acute side effects of which drug

a.carbamazepine
b.phenytoin
c.sodium valproate
d.lamotrigine
e.levitiracetam

A

b.phenytoin

30
Q

what is important to monitor when giving a loading dose of phenytoin

a.lft
b.thyroid
c.cardiac
d.resp rate

A

c.cardiac

can cause arrhythmias

31
Q

gum thickening, coarse face, bone thinning, low folate and peripheral neuropathy FEVER, RASH, LYMPAHDENOPATHY are side effects of which drug over decades

a.carbamazepine
b.phenytoin
c.sodium valproate
d.lamotrigine
e.levitiracetam

A

b.phenytoin

stop drug is idiosyncratic reaction suspected

32
Q

in compliance checking / ICU the closer the therapeutic range of phenytoin is to ……… the more effective it is

a.10 ug
b.20 ug
c.30 ug
d.40 ug

A

b.20 ug

33
Q

the elimination of phenytoin goes from …………. to ……….

a.first to second order
b.first to zero order
c.zero order to first order

A

b.first to zero order

pharmacokinetics

34
Q

phenytoin is a hepatic enzyme……

a.inhibitor
b.inducer

A

b.inducer

35
Q

which drug can increase the phenytoin level

a.valproate
b.lamotrigrine
c.carbamazepine

A

a.valproate

36
Q

which of these drugs acts on sodium channels and GABA and glutamate receptors

a.carbamazepine
b.phenytoin
c.sodium valproate
d.lamotrigine
e.levitiracetam

A

c.sodium valproate

37
Q

what is the major issue of valproate

a.rash
b.cardiac arrhythmias
c. teratogenic

A

c. teratogenic

DO NOT START DRUG ON YOUNG WOMEN - LEGALLY

38
Q

what effect does valproate have on lamotrigine

a.increase dose
b.decreases dose

A

a.increase dose

39
Q

which drug has few side effects and no significant interactions

a.carbamzepine
b.phenytoin
c.valproate
d. levetiracetam

A

d. levetiracetam

40
Q

what is the main side effect of levetiraceteam

a. irritability
b. rash
c. gum thickening
d.heart arrhythmias
e.teratogenic

A

a. irritability

rarely psychosis

one of the safest in terms of teratogens

41
Q

which drug acts via the sv2a ligand to block synaptic vesicle release

a.carbamazepine
b.phenytoin
c.sodium valproate
d.lamotrigine
e.levitiracetam

A

e.levitiracetam

42
Q

what does lamotrigine work on

a.sodium channel
b.potassium channel
c.gaba and glutamate receptors
d.sv2a ligand

A

a.sodium channel

43
Q

which drugs are the safest in terms of teratogenicity

A

2 Ls

lamotrigine
leviteraciteam

44
Q

which syndrome that needs emergency treatment can be caused by lamotrigine

a.agranulocytosis
b.brown sequard
c.guillian barre
d.steven johnson

A

d.steven johnson

idiosyncratic rash
must call and stop drug same day

drug built up slowly

45
Q

which drug is a mood stabilising drug so a good option for someone with depression

a.carbamazepine
b.phenytoin
c.sodium valproate
d.lamotrigine
e.levitiracetam

A

d.lamotrigine

46
Q

which 2 drugs can cause Steven johnson syndrome

a.carbamezipine and phenytoin
b.carbamazepine and lamotrigine
c.lamotrigine and leviteracetam

A

b.carbamazepine and lamotrigine

47
Q

lamotrigine interacts with which contraception

a.pop
b.combined

A

b.combined

cause lamotrigine levels to drop and seizure risk to increase

48
Q

which other anti epileptic does lamotrigine interact with
a.carbamazepine
b.phenytoin
c.sodium valproate
d.lamotrigine
e.levitiracetam

A

c.sodium valproate

49
Q

which drug has multiple modes of action and is helpful for migraine

a.carbamazepine
b.phenytoin
c.sodium valproate
d.lamotrigine
e.levitiracetam
f.toparimate

A

f.toparimate

50
Q

sedation and weight loss are the key side effects of which drug

a.carbamazepine
b.phenytoin
c.sodium valproate
d.lamotrigine
e.levitiracetam
f.toparimate

A

f.toparimate

51
Q

torparimate should be avoided in…

a.elderly
b. young women

A

b. young women

52
Q

comorbidities

A

mental health
weight gain
bone health - co prescribe vitamin d with carbamazepine

53
Q

which vitamin should be co prescribed with carbamazepine

a.vit a
b.vit b12
c.vit c
d.vit d

A

d.vit d

54
Q

which drug that is used for neuropathic pain can be abused

a.carbamazepine
b.gabapentin
c.pregablin

A

c.pregablin

55
Q

what drugs are particular good for bipolar

A

cccarbamazepine
lamotrigine

56
Q

what drugs can be used in migraine first line

a.carbamazepine
b.phenytoin
c.sodium valproate
d.lamotrigine
e.levitiracetam
f.toparimate

A

f.toparimate

57
Q

what is the first line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia

a.carbamazepine
b.phenytoin
c.sodium valproate
d.lamotrigine
e.levitiracetam
f.toparimate

A

a.carbamazepine

58
Q

what is the anti epileptic used in obesity

a.carbamazepine
b.phenytoin
c.sodium valproate
d.lamotrigine
e.levitiracetam
f.toparimate

A

f.toparimate

Neurology 1 (44 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions