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Neurology 1 > Pathology - Pathology of Muscle, Nerve and Neuromuscular Junction > Flashcards

Pathology - Pathology of Muscle, Nerve and Neuromuscular Junction Flashcards

1
Q

Rmotor neurone disease is most commonly

a.idiopathic
b.neoplastic
d.auto immune
e.genetic

A

a.idiopathic

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2
Q

eaton lambert syndrome is normally

a.idiopathic
b.neoplastic
d.auto immune
e.genetic

A

d.auto immune

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3
Q

myasthenia gravis is

a.idiopathic
b.neoplastic
d.auto immune
e.genetic

A

d.auto immune

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4
Q

duchenne muscualr dystrophy is

a.idiopathic
b.neoplastic

d.auto immune
e.genetic

A

e.genetic

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5
Q

progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurones , weakness due to loss of muscle innervation with an average prognosis of 3 years from diagnosis

a.MND
b. Eaton lambert syndrome
c.myasthenia gravis
d.polymyositis
e.duchenne muscular dystrophy
f.amytrophic lateral sclerosis

A

f.amytrophic lateral sclerosis

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6
Q

what is the average prognosis from diagnosis for ALS

a.3 yrs
b.10 years
c.6 months
d.normal life expectancy

A

a.3 yrs

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7
Q

which channels are affected by eaton lambert syndrome

a.calcium
b.chloride
c.potassium
d.ach

A

a.calcium

Early Learning

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8
Q

which channels are affected by myasthenia gravis

a.calcium
b.chloride
c.potassium
d.ach

A

d.ach

MAGA

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9
Q

which gland may undergo hyperplasia in Myasthenia gravis

a.thymus
b.thyroid
c.pituitary
d.parathyroid

A

a.thymus

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10
Q

prominent inflammatory cells are shown surrounding muscle fibres in which condition

a.MND
b. Eaton lambert syndrome
c.myasthenia gravis
d.polymyositis
e.duchenne muscular dystrophy
f.amytrophic lateral sclerosis

A

d.polymyositis

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11
Q

which cells are associated with chronic inflam.

a.basophils
b.eosinophils
c.netrophils
d.lymphocytes

A

d.lymphocytes

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12
Q

which cells are associated with acute inflam.

a.basophils
b.eosinophils
c.netrophils
d.lymphocytes

A

c.netrophils

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13
Q

on which chromosome is the gene for polymyositis found

a.y
b.x

A

b.x

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14
Q

which protein is abnormal in duchenne muscular dystrophy

a.calmodulin
b.protein kinase a
c.phosphodiesterase
d.dystrophin

A

d.dystrophin

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15
Q

which muscle most increases in size in duchenne muscular dystrophy

a. bicep
b.tricep
c.calf
d.glutes

A

c.calf

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16
Q

muscle is replaced with what in duchenne cmuscular dystrophy

a.protein
b.fat
c.loose ct

A

b.fat

17
Q

A 61 year old man has a nine month history of weakness of his left arm.
There is muscle wasting and fasciculations. He is diagnosed with motor
neurone disease.

Which is the most likely underlying cause?
a) Auto-immune
b) Genetic
c) Idiopathic
d) Paraneoplastic
e) Trauma

A

c) Idiopathic

18
Q

A 44 year old woman has muscle weakness and polymyositis is suspected
clinically.
Which investigation is most likely to be useful?
a) Acetylcholine receptor antibodies
b) Muscle biopsy
c) Calcium channel antibodies
d) Dystrophin gene analysis
e) Manual muscle strength test

A

b) Muscle biopsy

can see the inflam from autoimmune destruction of muscle fibres

19
Q

A 67 year old woman has muscle weakness and Lambert-Eaton syndrome is
suspected.

Which serum antibody test is most likely to be abnormal?
a) Acetylcholine receptor
b) Smooth muscle
c) Calcium channel
d) Mitochondrial
e) Sarcolemmal

A

c) Calcium channel

20
Q

A 12 year old boy has muscle weakness and is diagnosed with Duchenne
muscular dystrophy. His calf muscles are enlarged but weak.
Which histology is most likely in his calf muscles?
a) Fatty infiltration
b) Skeletal muscle hypertrophy
c) Smooth muscle infiltration
d) Neovascularisation
e) Infiltrates of chronic inflammatory cells

A

a) Fatty infiltration

21
Q

A 12 year old boy has muscle weakness and is diagnosed with
Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
On which chromosome is the gene for this condition?
a) 1
b) 8
c) 13
d) X
e) Y

A

d) X

22
Q

A 44 year old woman has muscle weakness and polymyositis is suspected
clinically. A muscle biopsy is performed.
Which histology would support the clinical diagnosis?
a) Granulomas
b) Inclusion bodies
c) Fatty infiltration
d) Lymphocytic infiltrate
e) Neutrophilic infiltrate

A

d) Lymphocytic infiltrate

23
Q

A 12 year old boy has muscle weakness and is diagnosed with Duchenne
muscular dystrophy. His calf muscles are enlarged but weak.
Which is the best clinical description of this muscle enlargement?
a) Skeletal muscle hyperplasia
b) Skeletal muscle hypertrophy
c) Pseudohypertrophy
d) Atrophy
e) Lipoma

A

c) Pseudohypertrophy

24
Q

A 67 year old woman has muscle weakness and is diagnosed with
Lambert-Eaton syndrome.
Which underlying cancer is most likely?
a) Lung
b) Breast
c) Stomach
d) Colon
e) Ovary

A

a) Lung

25
Q

A 61 year old man has a three month history of weakness of his left arm. There is
muscle wasting and fasciculations. He is diagnosed with motor neurone disease.
Which nerves are most commonly affected in this condition?
a) Both upper and lower motor neurones
b) Somatic motor neurones
c) General visceral motor neurones
d) Lower motor neurones
e) Upper motor neurones

A

a) Both upper and lower motor neurones

26
Q

A 44 year old woman has muscle weakness and myasthenia gravis is
suspected.
Antibodies to which structure are most likely to be present?
a) Nerve
b) Striated muscle
c) Smooth muscle
d) Neuromuscular junction
e) Anterior horn cell

A

d) Neuromuscular junction

27
Q

A 44 year old woman has muscle weakness and is diagnosed with
myasthenia gravis.
Which associated pathology is most likely?
a) Thymic hyperplasia
b) Thyroid hyperplasia
c) Pseudohypertrophy of skeletal muscle
d) Multinodular goitre
e) Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy

A

a) Thymic hyperplasia

28
Q

A 67 year old woman has muscle weakness and is diagnosed with
Lambert-Eaton syndrome.
Which underlying cancer is most likely?
a) Lymphoma
b) Melanoma
c) Small cell carcinoma
d) Adenocarcinoma
e) Sarcoma

A

c) Small cell carcinoma

29
Q

A 44 year old woman has muscle weakness and myasthenia gravis is
suspected.
Which serum antibody test is most likely to be abnormal?
a) Acetylcholine receptor
b) Smooth muscle
c) Calcium channel
d) Mitochondrial
e) Sarcolemmal

A

a) Acetylcholine receptor

Neurology 1 (44 decks)

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