Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroscience 2.0 > Physio - Sense of Hearing > Flashcards

Physio - Sense of Hearing Flashcards

1
Q

Which part of the ear has both functions of hearing & equilibrium?

A

Inner ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What forms the boundary between the External ear and the middle ear?

A

Tympanic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ The oval Oval window and oval membrane receive and amplify vibrations from the ___________.”

A

Ossicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which ear ossicle vibrates against the oval window?

A

Stapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which ear ossicle is attached to the Eardrum?

A

Malleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which twi striated muscle attaches to the Malleus and the Stapes?

A

Stapedius and tensor tympani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the name of the structure that links the Middle ear and the Pharynx?

A

Pharyngotympanic tube ( Eustachian tube)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the functions of Ossicular conduction?

A
  • Impedance matching (Amplification of sound): lever system & change in diameter.
  • Attenuation/Tympanic reflex.
  • To generate pressure waves in fluid present in cochlea.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does the middle & inner ear lie?

A

The middle and inner ear Lies within the petrous portion of the temporal bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ The bony labyrinth is filled with ____________ and is continuous with ____________.”

A

Bony labyrinth – filled with PERILYMPH and continuous with cerebrospinal fluid

’ BP”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the Parts of the Bony Labyrinth ?

A

Semicircular canals
Vestibule
Cochlea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the parts of the Membranous labyrinth?

A

Semicircular ducts
Utricle and saccule
Cochlear duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fill in the blanks. “The membranous labrynth is filled with __________.”

A

Endolymph

” ME”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

True or False? The semicircular ducts are associated with the Membranous labyrinth while the semicircular canal is associated with the Bony larbyrinth.

A

FALSE!!
Semicircular DUCTS = Membranous labyrinth

Semicircular Canal = Bony labyrinth
‘ after B comes C - b for bony c- for canal’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the name given to the child around a pillar of bone?

A

Modiolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the Spiral lamina?

A

A spiral of bone in the modiolus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

True or False? The cochlear artery runs through the core of the modiolus.

A

FALSE !! The cochlear nerve runs through the core of the Modiolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is the Organ of Corti located?

A

Cochlear duct (scala media)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where does the Cochlear duct lie between ?

A

The scala vestibuli - vestibular membrane
The scala tympani - basilar membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What structure secretes Endolymph (high in potassium and low in sodium)?

A

Stria vascularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

True or False? The Basiallar membrane is gelatinous and DOES NOT vibrate with sound.

A

FALSE!! TECTORIAL membrane is gelatinous and does not vibrate with sound.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ In the Organ of Corti , hair cells are surrounded by __________.”

A

Supporting cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Fill in the blanks. “__________ is embedded in modiolus and innervates hair cells.”

A

Spiral Ganglion

23
Q

True or False? The Basilar membrane vibrates in response to sound.

A

TRUE!!

24
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ ________________ displaces stereocilia AWAY from modiolus – potassium channels open – potassium enters from endolymph and hair cell depolarises.”

A

UPWARDS movements

away—–> K+ channel open —-> depolarise

25
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ ______________ displaces stereocilia towards modiolus – potassium channels close and hair cells hyperpolarise.”

A

DOWNWARDS movement

  • towards —–> K+ close —> hyperpolarise
26
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ ____________ moves Tectorial membrane .”

A

Fluid Waves

27
Q

What are the two components of sound?

A

Frequency and amplitude

28
Q

True or False? The distance of the peak from the base of basilar membrane is directly proportional to frequency .

A

FALSE !! The distance of the peak from the base of basilar membrane is INVERSELY proportional to frequency

29
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ The basilar membrane is THICKER and STIFFER at the _____________ and THINNER at the ________.”

A

THICKER at the BASE
THINNER at the APEX

’ base is thiccc’

30
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ Signals go through the cochlear nerve and vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) to the ___________.”

A

Cochlear nucleus in the medulla

31
Q

What are the two structures that make yo the Vestibular Apparatus?

A

Semicircular canals
Otolith organs

32
Q

True or False? The semicircular canals are associated with a rotational acceleration while the Otolith organs are associated with a linear acceleration.

A

TRUE !!

33
Q

What is the function of the Utricle & Saccule ?

A

They provide information on the position of the head relative to gravity (Linear acceleration).

34
Q

What is the central part of the Bony labyrinth called?

A

The Vestibule

35
Q

Fill in the blanks .” The utricle and Saccule are suspended in ________.”

A

Perilymph

36
Q

What is the function of the Macula?

A

They monitor the position of the head when the head is still.

37
Q

What type of cells are found in the Macula?

A

Supporting cells & Receptor (hair ) cells synapsed with the vestibular nerve .

38
Q

What is the name of the structure that is housed in the Ampulla of the semicircular ductl?

A

Crista ampullaris

39
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ The stereocilia of the hair cells are embedded in a gelatinous projection called ________.”

A

The copula

40
Q

True or False? Kinocilia and stereocilia are all orientated in the SAME direction on each side of the head.

A

TRUE !!

41
Q

What are Angular movements?

A

Yes and No movements

42
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ Hair cells have small cilia called__________, plus one large cilium, _________.”

A

Small cilia called STEROCILIA
One large cilium called the KINOCILIUM

43
Q

True or False? Processes of the hair cells project into the Perilymph.

A

FALSE!! Processes of Hair cells project into the ENDOLYMPH

44
Q

Low sodium bases of hair cells are bathed in ?

A

Perilymph

45
Q

True or False? Bases of hair cells are in contact with the efferent fibres of the vestibular division of the cochlear nerve .

A

FALSE!! Bases of hair cells are in contact with the AFFERENT fibres of the vestibular division of the VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR nerve

46
Q

Fill in the blanks. ‘ The bending( displacing of cilia TOWARDS the Kinocilium causes _________ while bending ( displacing) of cilia AWAY from Kinocilium causes __________.”

A

TOWARDS the Kinocilium - Excitation & Depolarisation

AWAY from Kinoclium - Inhibition & Hyperpolarisation

47
Q

What are the 4 main targets of the Vestibular nuclei ?

A
  • Spinal cord (vestibulospinal tract)
  • Nuclei of the extraocular muscles through the medial longitundinal fasciculus using CNIII, IV, and VI .
  • Cerebellum
  • Thalamus: which projects to the cortex.
48
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ __________________ influence motor neurons to neck and back muscles.”

A

Medial vestibulospinal tract

49
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ __________________ influence motor neurons to limb (especially extensor antigravity) muscles.”

A

Lateral vestibulospinal tract

50
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ Axons in the MLF excite the ___________ and the _________.”

A

Axons ascend in the MLF and excite the ipsilateral oculomotor (III) nucleus and the contralateral abducens (VI) nucleus

51
Q

True or False? Superior and medial vestibular neurons project to motor nuclei supplying extraocular muscles.

A

TRUE!!

52
Q

What is Conduction deafness ?

A

This occurs when something hampers sound conduction to the fluids of the inner ear (e.g., impacted earwax, perforated eardrum, osteosclerosis of the ossicles).

53
Q

Which pathology results from damage to the neural structures at any point from the cochlear hair cells to the auditory cortical cells?

A

Sensorineural deafness

54
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ ________________ is the ringing or clicking sound in the ears in the absence of auditory stimuli.”

A

Tinnitus

55
Q

What happens in Meniere’s syndrome ?

A

This is a labyrinth disorder that affects the cochlea and the semicircular canals, causing vertigo, nausea, and vomiting

56
Q
A

Neuroscience 2.0 (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions