Pharm - Sedatives & Alcohol

Question 1

What are examples of the Benzodiazepines?

Answer 1

MIDAZOLAM
ALPRAZOLAM (Xanax ®)
TRIAZOLAM (Halcion®)
DIAZEPAM (Valium®)
FLURAZEPAM
NITRAZEPAM
LORAZEPAM
FLUNITRAZEPAM (Rohypnol® Date rape drug)
OXAZEPAM
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE

Question 1

What is the Mechanism of Action for Benzodiazepines ?

Answer 1

Bind to a receptor site on the GABA channel; different from the GABA binding site. This increases the binding of GABA resulting in increased frequency of channel opening.

Question 2

What are examples of Non - Benzodiazepine ?

Answer 2

ZOLPIDEM
ZALEPLON

Question 3

What are the clinical applications of Benzodiazepines ?

Answer 3

• Acute Anxiolytic
• Hypnotic
• Muscle Relaxation
• Anticonvolustants
• Alcohol Withdrawal

Question 4

Which Benzodiazepines are excreted by Glucorodination?

Answer 4

Lorazepam
Temazepam

Question 5

By what process are all other Benzodiazepines eliminated ?

Answer 5

Oxidation by CYP450/ CYP3A4/2C19

Question 6

True or False? Phase I metabolites are usually active.

Answer 6

TRUE!!

Question 7

What is an examples of a Long acting BZD?

Answer 7

Diazepam

Question 8

What is an example of a short acting BZD?

Answer 8

Midazolam, Triazolam

Question 9

What is an example of an Intermediate acting BZD?

Answer 9

Alprazolam

Question 10

What type of BZD is preferred as a sedative?

Answer 10

Short- acting preferred

Question 11

What type of BZD is preferred as a Hypnotic?

Answer 11

Long-acting preferred for maintaining sleep,
short-acting for inducing sleep

Question 12

Which BZD’s are Only useful for Hypnosis?

Answer 12

Zolpidem & Zaleplon

Question 13

What is the Antagonist used for Benzodiazepines?

Answer 13

FLUMAZENIL

Question 14

Which drug is a competitive antagonist of Orexin (OX)) 1& 2 receptors - shutting down the release of Histamine ?

Answer 14

Suvorexant

Question 15

Which drugs is a Melatonin 1& 2 receptor against- reducing neuronal firing to the Suprachiasmatic nucleus ?

Answer 15

Ramelteon

Question 16

Which drug is an Unclear- partial agonist of 5HT1A receptors and can be used to treat general anxiety?

Answer 16

Buspirone

Question 17

What is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus ( VLPO)?

Answer 17

GABA

Question 18

What can be used in the treatment of Methanol , Ethylene glycol and Diethylene glycol poisoning?

Answer 18

Ethanol

Question 19

What type of Alcohols are used as antifreeze formations in automobile radiators, solvent for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics?

Answer 19

Ethylene glycol(EG)
Diethylene glycol(DEG)

Question 20

True or False? Methanol is used for embalming fluid, common industrial solvent: paint, paint remover.

Answer 20

TRUE!!

Question 21

Fill in the blanks. “ Ethanol is metabolised by ___________.”

Answer 21

Enzymes in the liver & intestines.

Question 22

What is the Average rate of elimination for Ethanol?

Answer 22

100mg/kg per hr (10-15 ml/hr)

Question 23

What are some of the CNS effects of Ethanol?

Answer 23

• Inhibition of Glutamate NMDA channel activity.
• Inhibits Glutamate AMPA channel activity.
• Increase beta-endorphin release.
• Inhibition of adenosine transport.
• Increases
  GABA-A channel activity

Question 24

Which enzyme is blocked by the drug Disulfiram ?

Answer 24

Acetyaldehyde dehydrogenase.

Question 25

Which drug is a Beta-endorphin antagonist found to inhibit the desire to drink EtOH?

Answer 25

Naltrexone

Question 26

Which drug is an Alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor?

Answer 26

Fomepizole

Question 27

Alcohol consumption with drug causes Acetaldehyde accumulation ?

Answer 27

Metronidizale

Question 28

Alcohol consumption with drug potentiates GI bleeds?

Answer 28

Aspirin

Question 29

Which drugs while consuming alcohol can cause of Synergism of CNS depression?

Answer 29

Sedative- Hypnotics & Anti-histamines