PHARM - Drug of abuse Flashcards
What are the Desirable effects of Opioids & Narcotics ?
- Euphoria
- Sedation
- Relief of anxiety and various other forms of distress
- Analgesia
- Depression of cough reflex*
What are the Undesirable effects of Opioids & Narcotics?
- Dysphoria
- Constipation
- Nausea & Vomiting
- Respiratory depression
- Urinary retention
- Miosis
- Dizziness
What are the clinical findings of an Acute Toxicity / Overdose?
- Respiratory depression
- Pupils constricted (miosis)
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Pulmonary edema
- SLOWED Reflexes
- CNS depression
Drowsiness —-> Sedation —> Coma
Which drug is an Opioid antagonist, used to block the actions of opioids in a life-threatening situation of opioid overdose?
Naloxone
Which drug used in the detoxification process & causes a less pronounced euphoria and less severe withdrawal?
Methadone
At what duration of Opiod Withdrawal would mydriasis, reactive to light; increased pulse rate; blood pressure; yawning; chills; lacrimation; sweating; restless sleep be seen?
8-12 hours
What symptoms are seen 6-8 hours after a withdrawal?
Drug seeking behaviour
Restlessness
Anxious
What symptoms are seen 48-72 hours of withdrawal ?
All of the others plus muscular weakness, aches (cramps) and twitches; nausea, vomiting and diarrhea; ↑ temperature; respiratory rate; heart rate and blood pressure; dehydration.
What are the Acute effects of Sedative/Hypnotics?
- Euphoria, impaired judgement, loss of self-control and anterograde amnesic effects.
- Slowed and slurred speech.
- Drowsiness can lead coma.
Which drug is given the street name’ Blue angels’?
Amobarbital
A for Amobarbital A for Azul —> blue angels
Which drug is given the street name ‘Purple hearts’?
Phenobarbital
What is the street name for the drug Pentobarbital?
’ Yellow jacket’
Which drug is given the street name ‘ Red devils’?
Secobarbital
Which drug are known as Sleeping pills?
Flurazepam
Which drug is known as the “ Date rape drug”?
Flunitrazepam
Fill in the blanks.” _________ &________ are known as Tranquillizers.”
Diazepam (Valium) & Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
Which drug is an Anticonvulsant?
Clonazepam
What is the drug treatment for an overdose of Sedatives/ Hypnotics?
Flumazenil
At which time period during Sedative/Hynotics withdrawal are “ The shakes’ seen?
24 hours
True or False? Within 48-72hrs of Sedative/Hynotics withdrawal- convulsive seizures; vivid auditory and visual hallucinations (“the horrors”), agitation, disorientation, delirium, paranoid delusions may occur.
TRUE!!
What are the symptoms that happen 12-16 hours of Sedative/Hypnotics withdrawals?
Tremors; insomnia; high fever; Anxiety and dysphoria. Sleep disturbances.
What are examples of CNS stimulants?
I. Cocaine (Angie, coke, flake, gold dust)
II. Crack (rock, base, freebase, cloud nine)
III. Amphetamines (meth, crank)
IV. Cathinone (Khat)
V. Methylxanthines: caffeine, theophyline, theobromide
VI . Nicotine
What is the MOA of Cocaine?
Inhibition of DA, NA reuptake => increase of DA and NA concentrations in N. accumbens.
What are the treatments for Cocaine overdose?
- Atenolol*, metoprolol, esmolol and non-selective : labetolol - for autonomic hyperactivity Beta 1 blockade.
- Nitroglycerine or other nitrites/nitrates for angina
- . Calcium channel blockers (verapamil, diltiazem) for hypertension
Which drugs are used for the treatment of Cocaine overdose after the acute toxic effects are handled?
- Antidepressants or depression
- Haloperidol for psychosis
- Alprazolam for panic attacks
What are examples of Amphetamines?
Methylphenidate
Phendimetrazine
Methamphetamine
Methylendioxyamphetamine
Methylenedioxymetamphetamine
Which Amphetamine use to treat attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders in children),
?
Methylphenidate (Ritalin®,)
Which Amphetamine can be used to treat obesity?
Phendimetrazine
Which Amphetamine drug is known as “ crystal’, ‘ speed’ , ‘ice’?
Methamohetamine
Which drug is given the street names “ ( Angie, coke, flake, gold dust)” ?
Cocaine
What is the treatment for Amphetamine overdose?
Iv bezodiazepenes
Iv nitrates
Nicotine is absorbed best by what organ?
The lungs
True or False? Nicotine can cross the BBB and placenta.
TRUE!!
What is the Detoxification treatment for a Nicotine Overdose?
- Smoking therapy = substitution, tapering off: nicotine gum (Nicorette), nicotine patches, nicotine nasal spray. Bupropion/wellbutrin
What are the types of Drugs that causes Hallucinations or Delusions?
- Psychedelics and hallucinogens
- Cannabis
- Dissociative anesthetics. - Ketamine, Phencyclidine (PCP).
- Anticholinergics. Mandrake root, jimson weed, atropine, scopolamine
What are examples of Psychedelics and Hallucinogens?
- Indolamines: Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), morning glory seed (LSM), psilocybin, psilocin, ibogaine, dimethyltryptamine (DMT).
- Phenyethylamines: mescaline, bufotenin, dimethoxymethyl-amphetamine (DOM).
What are examples of Indolamines?
- Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
- Morning glory seed (LSM), *Psilocybin
*Psilocin
*Ibogaine
*Dimethyltryptamine (DMT).
What are examples of Phenyeuthylamines?
My- Mescaline
Baby - Burfotenin
Daddy - Dimethoxymethyl-amphetamine (DOM).
An acute toxicity/ overdose with having a symptom of Psychic toxicity, Acute transient psychosis & Flash backs is associated with which drug?
Hallucinogens
True or False? The treatment for Hallucinogen overdose is Anticholinesterases & Beta blockers .
FALSE!!! There is NO TREATMENT for a Hallucinogen overdose .
Where does the drug Cannabis originate from?
From the Indian hemp plant, or Cannabis sativa.
What is the Active ingredient in Canabis ( Marijuana)?
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
