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Neuroscience 2.0 > PHARM - Drug of abuse > Flashcards

PHARM - Drug of abuse Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Desirable effects of Opioids & Narcotics ?

A
  • Euphoria
  • Sedation
  • Relief of anxiety and various other forms of distress
  • Analgesia
  • Depression of cough reflex*
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2
Q

What are the Undesirable effects of Opioids & Narcotics?

A
  • Dysphoria
  • Constipation
  • Nausea & Vomiting
  • Respiratory depression
  • Urinary retention
  • Miosis
  • Dizziness
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3
Q

What are the clinical findings of an Acute Toxicity / Overdose?

A
  • Respiratory depression
  • Pupils constricted (miosis)
  • Nausea and Vomiting
  • Pulmonary edema
  • SLOWED Reflexes
  • CNS depression
    Drowsiness —-> Sedation —> Coma
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4
Q

Which drug is an Opioid antagonist, used to block the actions of opioids in a life-threatening situation of opioid overdose?

A

Naloxone

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5
Q

Which drug used in the detoxification process & causes a less pronounced euphoria and less severe withdrawal?

A

Methadone

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6
Q

At what duration of Opiod Withdrawal would mydriasis, reactive to light; increased pulse rate; ­blood pressure; yawning; chills; lacrimation; sweating; restless sleep be seen?

A

8-12 hours

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7
Q

What symptoms are seen 6-8 hours after a withdrawal?

A

Drug seeking behaviour
Restlessness
Anxious

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8
Q

What symptoms are seen 48-72 hours of withdrawal ?

A

All of the others plus muscular weakness, aches (cramps) and twitches; nausea, vomiting and diarrhea; ↑ temperature; ­ respiratory rate; ­ heart rate and blood pressure; dehydration.

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9
Q

What are the Acute effects of Sedative/Hypnotics?

A
  • Euphoria, impaired judgement, loss of self-control and anterograde amnesic effects.
  • Slowed and slurred speech.
  • Drowsiness can lead coma.
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10
Q

Which drug is given the street name’ Blue angels’?

A

Amobarbital

A for Amobarbital A for Azul —> blue angels

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11
Q

Which drug is given the street name ‘Purple hearts’?

A

Phenobarbital

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12
Q

What is the street name for the drug Pentobarbital?

A

’ Yellow jacket’

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13
Q

Which drug is given the street name ‘ Red devils’?

A

Secobarbital

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14
Q

Which drug are known as Sleeping pills?

A

Flurazepam

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15
Q

Which drug is known as the “ Date rape drug”?

A

Flunitrazepam

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16
Q

Fill in the blanks.” _________ &________ are known as Tranquillizers.”

A

Diazepam (Valium) & Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)

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17
Q

Which drug is an Anticonvulsant?

A

Clonazepam

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18
Q

What is the drug treatment for an overdose of Sedatives/ Hypnotics?

A

Flumazenil

19
Q

At which time period during Sedative/Hynotics withdrawal are “ The shakes’ seen?

A

24 hours

20
Q

True or False? Within 48-72hrs of Sedative/Hynotics withdrawal- convulsive seizures; vivid auditory and visual hallucinations (“the horrors”), agitation, disorientation, delirium, paranoid delusions may occur.

A

TRUE!!

21
Q

What are the symptoms that happen 12-16 hours of Sedative/Hypnotics withdrawals?

A

Tremors; insomnia; high fever; Anxiety and dysphoria. Sleep disturbances.

22
Q

What are examples of CNS stimulants?

A

I. Cocaine (Angie, coke, flake, gold dust)

II. Crack (rock, base, freebase, cloud nine)

III. Amphetamines (meth, crank)

IV. Cathinone (Khat)

V. Methylxanthines: caffeine, theophyline, theobromide

VI . Nicotine

23
Q

What is the MOA of Cocaine?

A

Inhibition of DA, NA reuptake => increase of DA and NA concentrations in N. accumbens.

24
Q

What are the treatments for Cocaine overdose?

A
  • Atenolol*, metoprolol, esmolol and non-selective : labetolol - for autonomic hyperactivity Beta 1 blockade.
  • Nitroglycerine or other nitrites/nitrates for angina
  • . Calcium channel blockers (verapamil, diltiazem)  for hypertension
25
Q

Which drugs are used for the treatment of Cocaine overdose after the acute toxic effects are handled?

A
  • Antidepressants or depression
  • Haloperidol for psychosis
  • Alprazolam for panic attacks
26
Q

What are examples of Amphetamines?

A

Methylphenidate
Phendimetrazine
Methamphetamine
Methylendioxyamphetamine
Methylenedioxymetamphetamine

27
Q

Which Amphetamine use to treat attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders in children),
?

A

Methylphenidate (Ritalin®,)

28
Q

Which Amphetamine can be used to treat obesity?

A

Phendimetrazine

29
Q

Which Amphetamine drug is known as “ crystal’, ‘ speed’ , ‘ice’?

A

Methamohetamine

30
Q

Which drug is given the street names “ ( Angie, coke, flake, gold dust)” ?

A

Cocaine

31
Q

What is the treatment for Amphetamine overdose?

A

Iv bezodiazepenes
Iv nitrates

32
Q

Nicotine is absorbed best by what organ?

A

The lungs

33
Q

True or False? Nicotine can cross the BBB and placenta.

A

TRUE!!

34
Q

What is the Detoxification treatment for a Nicotine Overdose?

A
  • Smoking therapy = substitution, tapering off: nicotine gum (Nicorette), nicotine patches, nicotine nasal spray. Bupropion/wellbutrin
35
Q

What are the types of Drugs that causes Hallucinations or Delusions?

A
  • Psychedelics and hallucinogens
  • Cannabis
  • Dissociative anesthetics. - Ketamine, Phencyclidine (PCP).
  • Anticholinergics. Mandrake root, jimson weed, atropine, scopolamine
36
Q

What are examples of Psychedelics and Hallucinogens?

A
  • Indolamines: Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), morning glory seed (LSM), psilocybin, psilocin, ibogaine, dimethyltryptamine (DMT).
  • Phenyethylamines: mescaline, bufotenin, dimethoxymethyl-amphetamine (DOM).
37
Q

What are examples of Indolamines?

A
  • Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
  • Morning glory seed (LSM), *Psilocybin
    *Psilocin
    *Ibogaine
    *Dimethyltryptamine (DMT).
38
Q

What are examples of Phenyeuthylamines?

A

My- Mescaline
Baby - Burfotenin
Daddy - Dimethoxymethyl-amphetamine (DOM).

39
Q

An acute toxicity/ overdose with having a symptom of Psychic toxicity, Acute transient psychosis & Flash backs is associated with which drug?

A

Hallucinogens

40
Q

True or False? The treatment for Hallucinogen overdose is Anticholinesterases & Beta blockers .

A

FALSE!!! There is NO TREATMENT for a Hallucinogen overdose .

41
Q

Where does the drug Cannabis originate from?

A

From the Indian hemp plant, or Cannabis sativa.

42
Q

What is the Active ingredient in Canabis ( Marijuana)?

A

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

43
Q
A

Neuroscience 2.0 (29 decks)

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