Histology

Question 1

Where are Unipolar neurons located?

Answer 1

Found in numerous sensory ganglia and
peripheral nerves.

Question 2

Which neurons are located in the retina, organs
organs of hearing and equilibrium of the ear, olfactory epithelium of nose ?

Answer 2

Bipolar neurons

Question 3

Fill in the blanks. “ Multipolar neurons include _________.”

Answer 3

All motor neurons and interneurons of the brain , cerebellum and spinal cord.

Question 4

Where are Pseudounipolar neurons located?

Answer 4

These are Sensory neurons in the PNS.

Question 5

True or False? Bipolar nueorns are purely sensory neurons .

Answer 5

TRUE!!

Question 6

True or False? Golgi Type I neurons are more numerous than Golgi Type II neurons.

Answer 6

FALSE!! Glogi Type II neurons are more numerous

Question 7

Fill in the blanks. “ Golgi Type I neurons are _________ axons while Golgi Type II neurons are ______________ axons.”

Answer 7

Golgi Type I neurons - Long axons
Golgi Type II neurons - Short axons

Question 8

What are examples of Golgi Type I neurons?

Answer 8

Pyramidal cells of cerebral cortex, Purkinje cells of cerebellum, motor cells of spinal cord

Question 9

Which type of cortex is related to the Olfactory region?

Answer 9

Paleocortex

Question 10

What type of cortex is related to the Hippocampal formation?

Answer 10

Archicortex

Question 11

Fill in the blanks.”The __________ is the name given to the remainder of the cerebral cortex.”

Answer 11

Neocortex

Question 12

Which nerve fibres run at a right angle to the cortical surface?

Answer 12

Radial fibers

Question 13

Which nerve fibres run parallel to the cortical surface?

Answer 13

Tangenital fibres

Question 14

In which layer of the cerebral cortex are Tangenital nerve fibres most concentrated and what is the name given to them?

Answer 14

They are most concentrated in layers 4 and 5, where they are named: outer and inner bands of Baillarger

Question 15

What is the name of the OUTER bands of Baillarger in the visual cortex?

Answer 15

Stria of Gennari

Question 16

How many cortical layers are found in the Paleocortex?

Answer 16

5

Question 17

How many cortical layers are found in the Archicortex?

Answer 17

3

Question 18

How many cortical layers are found in the Neocortex?

Answer 18

6

Question 19

In which layer of the cerebral cortex ,are External band of Bailarger found?

Answer 19

Layer IV

Question 20

In which layer of the cerbral cortex are the Inner band of Baillarger found?

Answer 20

In layer V

Question 21

The cells of Martinotti are found in which cerebral layers of the cortex?

Answer 21

Layer I & V

Question 22

What is the term given to areas of the cerebral cortex to which six layers can be recognized?

Answer 22

Heterotypical

Question 23

What is the name given to the areas of the cerebral cortex that do have 6 layers?

Answer 23

Homotypical

Question 24

What are the two types of Heterotypical areas of the Cerebral cortex?

Answer 24

Granular Type & Angular Type

Question 25

Where are Granular type areas located?

Answer 25

In the Post-central gyrus and the Superior temporal gyrus

Question 26

Where are Angular type areas located?

Answer 26

In the Pre-central gyrus

Question 27

Which area of the Hippocampus is close to the Dentate gyrus?

Answer 27

Ca3

Question 28

Fill in the blanks. “ CA1 is adjacent to the _________.”

Answer 28

Subliculum

Question 29

What are the three layers of the Hippocampus?

Answer 29

Molecular layer
Pyramidal cell layer
Polymorphic layer

Question 30

What are the principal cells of the Hippocamps?

Answer 30

Pyramidal cell layer

Question 31

Fill in the blanks. The Pyramidal cell layer of the Hippocampus is continuous with which layer of the Neocortex.

Answer 31

Layer 5

Question 32

Where is the molecular layer of the Hippocampus located?

Answer 32

It is located in the centre of the Hippocampal formation surrounding the hippocampus sulcus.

Question 33

What are the EFFERNT fibres to the dentate gyrus?

Answer 33

The mossy fibres

Question 34

How many layers are present in the Dentate gyrus?

Answer 34

3 layers

Question 35

What are the 2 types of Astrocytes?

Answer 35

Fibrous (few and straight processes) and protoplasmic (numerous branching processes)

Question 36

Where are microglial cells coming from?

Answer 36

Precursers in bone marrow

Question 37

What are the functions of Astrocytes?

Answer 37

• Astrocytes provide contact between neurons and capillaries. Support metabolic exchanges between neurons and capillaries
• Perivascular feet of astrocytes cover the capillary basement membrane: form the blood-brain barrier which restricts the movement of molecules from the blood into the CNS
• Astrocytes contain reserves of glycogen from which they release glucose contributing to energy metabolism of CNS
• Astrocytes control chemical environment by reuptake of excessive potassium ions and some neurotransmitters like glutamate (then conversion of glutamate into glutamine). Role in detoxification.
• Role in brain inflammation and brain scar tissue (gliosis)

Question 38

What are the functions of Ependymal cells?

Answer 38

1. Lines ventricular cavities and central
   canal

• Moves CSF with ciliae
• Produces CSF and absorption of CSF
  through villi

2. Provides nutrients to stem cells of
   subventricular zone (SVZ)

• Cells of SVZ composed of ependymocytes,
  Astrocytes….

3. Role in immune defense

• Production of cytokines/chemokines,
  toll-like receptors
• Protection against viruses, bacteria

Question 39

What is the epithelium of the Choroid plexus?

Answer 39

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 40

What is the function of the Choroid plexus?

Answer 40

Production of CSF