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Neuroscience 2.0 > Micro B > Flashcards

Micro B Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common CNS infection?

A

Blood-Borne Invasion - ex Polioviruses or Neisseria meningitidis

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2
Q

What is the other route for CNS infections?

A

Invasion via peripheral nerves; less common (e.g. herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, rabies)

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3
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ -Blood-borne invasion takes place across: blood-brain barrier ex ___________ OR blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier ex ___________. “

A

Blood brain barrier ex Encephalitis

Blood - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ex Meningitis

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4
Q

What are the Early symptoms of Meningitis?

A

Self-limiting conditions
(flu and colds).

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5
Q

What is Meningitis?

A

Inflammation of the meninges associated with an abnormal number of cells in the cerebrospinal fluid.

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6
Q

What are the predominant cells found in Mononuclear Pleocytosis?

A

Mononuclear cells
( its in the name lol)

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7
Q

What is Aseptic Meningitis?

A

A syndrome characterised by acute onset of meningeal symptoms and fever, with pleocytosis of the cerebrospinal fluid and no growth on routine bacterial culture.

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8
Q

What is Encephalitis?

A

Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain parenchyma.

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9
Q

What are the infectious agents that can cause Meningitis?

A

Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Protozoa

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10
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ Septic meningitis is caused by ________ while Aspetic meningitis is caused by __________.”

A

Septic - Bacterial infection s
Aseptic- Viral infections

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11
Q

True or False? Septic Meningitis usually resolve without treatment.

A

FALSE!! ASEPTIC Meningitis usually resolve without treatment .

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12
Q

What are the most common general agents for Bacterial meningitis?

A
  • Haemophilus influenzae
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Neisseria meningitidis –not common in Ja.
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13
Q

What are the most common agents for Bacterial meningitis in Neonates?

A
  • E.coli
  • Group B streptococcus
  • Enterococcus
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Other enteric Gram negative bacilli
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14
Q

What are the most common agents for Bacterial meningitis in Adults?

A
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Listeria monocytogenes
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15
Q

What are the most common agents for Bacterial meningitis in Children?

A
  • Haemophilus influenzae
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Neisseria meningitidis (not common in Ja.)
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16
Q

What are the most common agents for Viral meningitis?

A

Enteroviruses (Coxsackie and Echovirus)

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17
Q

What is the incubation period for Enteroviruses?

A

3-6 days

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18
Q

What is the Incubation period for Aboviruses?

A

2-15 day s

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19
Q

What is the causative organism of Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis ?

A

Meningococcus- Neisseria Meningitis

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20
Q

What is the gram- stain for Neisseria Meningitis?

A

Aerobic gram-negative diplococci

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21
Q

What is the transmission for Meningococcal meningitis?

A

Respiratory droplets

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22
Q

What are the clinical findings of Meningococcal Meningitis?

A
  • Fever
  • Vomiting
  • Headache
    • Stiff neck
  • Hypotension, and rash
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23
Q

What is the treatment for Nessiera Meningitidis ?

A
  • Penicillin G
  • Chloramphenicol and cephalosporins for:
    • persons allergic to penicillin or
    • strain is resistant to penicillin
24
Q

What is the cell count of lymphocyte / mononuclear cells in Normal CSF?

A

Ccount 0-5 lymphocyte/mononuclear cells per ml

25
Q

What are the examples of Chronic meningitis?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis meningitis
Cryptococcal meningitis

26
Q

True or False? CSF should NEVER be refrigerated.

A

TRUE!!

27
Q

What is the culture media used to diagnose Meningitis?

A
  • Blood agar CO2
  • Blood agar ANO2
  • Chocolate agar CO2
  • MacConkey’s agar (If indicated)
28
Q

What is the appearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Pus cells and Gram positive cocci in lancet pairs

29
Q

What is the appearance of Neisseria meningitis?

A

Pus cells and Gram negative cocci in bean shaped pairs

30
Q

What is the appearance of Haemophilus influenzae?

A

Pus cells and Gram negative pleomorphic bacilli.

31
Q

Which organism is Catalase negative , alpha haemolytic , Bile solubility Positive?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

32
Q

Which organism is Optochin susceptible ,Inulin fermentation positive, Mouse pathogenicity positive & Neufeld’s capsular swelling: positive
(Quellung’s reaction)?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

33
Q

What is the appearance of Neisseria meningitidis?

A

Gram negative diplococci (bean shaped pair)

34
Q

Which organism is
Oxidase - positive, Dextrose positive & Maltose positive BUT Sucrose NEGATIVE?

A

Neisseria meningitidis

35
Q

Which Serotypes causes the most invasive disease?

A

A, B, C, Y & W135

36
Q

Whici organism has satellitism” on blood agar
(X and V factors needed for growth)?

A

Haemophilus influenzae

37
Q

Which organism is Gram negative with Pleomorphic bacilli?

A

Haemophilus influenzae

38
Q

Which serotype of Haemophilus influenzae causes almost ALL invasive diseases?

A

Type B

39
Q

Which organism is Gram - negative cocci in chains?

A

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B)

40
Q

True or False? Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B) is Catalase positive and Camp test Negative.

A

FALSE!! It is Catalase NEGATIVE and CAMP test POSITIVE

41
Q

True or False? Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B) is Beta-Haemolytic.

A

TRUE!!

42
Q

What is the Gram reaction for E.coli?

A

Gram negative Bacilli

43
Q

True or False? Ecoli is Oxidase Positive , Indole Negative and Urea positive.

A

FALSE!! Oxidase: Negative
Kligler’s: Acid/Acid gas
Urea: Negative
Citrate: Negative
Motility: Motile
Indole: POSITIVE
Lysine: Variable

44
Q

Which organism is Oxidase negative, Urea positive , Citrate positive , Indole negative and Lysine Positive?

A

Klebsiella Pneumoniae

45
Q

What is the Gram reaction for Kelbsiella Pneumoniae?

A

Gram - negative bacilli

46
Q

Which organism is a Gram negative bacilli and is Oxidase Positive ?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

47
Q

What is the Gram reaction for Listeria monocytogenes?

A

Small beta haemolytic colonies

48
Q

Which organism is a Small gram positive bacilli which is
Catalase : Positive & Bile aesculin: Positive?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

49
Q

Which staining is used to identify Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ?

A

Ziehl Neelsen stain done

50
Q

What is the culture of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ?

A

Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) medium
Middlebrook 7H10, 7H11 or 7H12

51
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ The culture for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis is inoculated at ___________.”

A

Incubated at 35 degrees C for 3-6 weeks in 5-10% CO2

52
Q

Fill in the blanks.” Cryptococcus neoformans is susceptible __________.”

A

Cycloheximide

53
Q

What is the Gram reaction for Cryptococcus neoformans ?

A

Gram positive oval bodies .

Urea Positive

54
Q

What are the different characteristics of Staphylococcus ?

A
  • Gram reaction: Gram positive cocci
  • Catalase: positive
  • Coagulase positive
  • Novobiocin Susceptible
55
Q
A
56
Q
A

Neuroscience 2.0 (29 decks)

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