Brainstem, Thalamus Flashcards
What structure connects the pons superiorly to the spinal cord inferiorly ?
The medulla oblongata
What are the three main functions of the brainstem?
- Conduit for ascending and descending tracts connecting the spinal cord to
the different parts of the higher centers in the forebrain. - Contains important reflex centers associated with control of respiration
and cardiovascular system, as well as consciousness. - Contains nuclei of cranial nerves III through XII.
What is another name for Crus cerebri?
Basis pedunculli
What is the name of the deep depression on the anterior surface of the midbrain?
Interpeduncular fossa
What are the fibres that are found in the crus cerebri?
Corticospinal, corticobulbar (corticonuclear) and corticopontine fibers
What is the length of the midbrain?
2 cm
What are the name of the small vessels penetrate floor of interpeduncular fossa?
Posterior perforated
substance
Which cranial nerve emerges on medial side of crus cerebri and goes in
lateral wall of cavernous sinus?
Occulomotor nerve ( CN III)
Fill in the blanks.” On the posterior surface of the midbrain in the midline ,_____________emerge, wind around lateral aspect of midbrain to enter lateral wall of cavernous sinus.”
Trochlear nerve ( CN IV)
True or False? The inferior colliculi has centers for visual reflexes (control of movement of eyes and head in response to visual and other stimuli).
FALSE!! The superior colliculi does this!!
Fill in the blanks.” The inferior colliculi _________.”
Is responsible lower auditory centers
Which structure has fibers connecting medial geniculate body (part of thalamus)
with inferior colliculus ?
Inferior brachium
Which structure has its main fibres connecting the cerebral cortex and retina to the superior colliculus?
Superior brachium
What substance is the substantia nigra rich in?
Melanin
Which structure connects the Third and fourth ventricle?
The cerebral aqueduct
What lines the cerebral aqueduct?
Lined by ependyma and surroundered by central gray matter.
The tectum is connected to the lateral geniculate body by?
Superior brachium
The tectum receives afferent fibres from which structures?
Optic nerve, visual cortex and spinotectal
Fill in the blanks. “ __________ is an extension to the subthalamic region of diencephalon.”
Substantia nigra
What type of neurons found in the substance nigra contains melanin pigment?
Dopaminergic neurons of pars compacta ( gives it the black colour)
A degeneration of melanin-cpntaing cells in the brainstem results in which pathology?
Parkinson’s disease
Where is the Trochlear nucleus located?
Located in periaqueductal gray matter, just dorsal to medial longidudinal fasciculus
What is the name of the structures that separate the superior and inferior colliculi?
Cruciform suclus
What nerves emerges through the groove between pons and the medulla oblongata?
Abducens (VI), facial (VII) and vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerves
What structure forms the upper half of the floor of the fourth ventricle?
The posterior surface of the pons
The posterior surface of the Pons is divided by what structure?
Median sulcus
Fill in the blanks. “ The inferior end of the median eminence forms the ________.”
Facial colliculus (root of facial nerve
winding around the nucleus of abducent nerve)
What is the name given to the floor of the superior part of the sulcus limitans?
Substantia ferruginea (locus ceruleus)
What is the main source for nor adrenergic neurons?
Substantia ferruginea (locus ceruleus):
The lateral geniculate body nuclei terminates where?
In areas 17,18,19
What is the anterior boundary of the Foramen of Munro?
Anterior column of Fornix
What is the posterior boundary of the Foramen of Munro ?
Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus
