Brainstem, Thalamus

Question 1

What structure connects the pons superiorly to the spinal cord inferiorly ?

Answer 1

The medulla oblongata

Question 2

What are the three main functions of the brainstem?

Answer 2

1. Conduit for ascending and descending tracts connecting the spinal cord to
   the different parts of the higher centers in the forebrain.
2. Contains important reflex centers associated with control of respiration
   and cardiovascular system, as well as consciousness.
3. Contains nuclei of cranial nerves III through XII.

Question 3

What is another name for Crus cerebri?

Answer 3

Basis pedunculli

Question 4

What is the name of the deep depression on the anterior surface of the midbrain?

Answer 4

Interpeduncular fossa

Question 5

What are the fibres that are found in the crus cerebri?

Answer 5

Corticospinal, corticobulbar (corticonuclear) and corticopontine fibers

Question 6

What is the length of the midbrain?

Answer 6

2 cm

Question 7

What are the name of the small vessels penetrate floor of interpeduncular fossa?

Answer 7

Posterior perforated
substance

Question 8

Which cranial nerve emerges on medial side of crus cerebri and goes in
lateral wall of cavernous sinus?

Answer 8

Occulomotor nerve ( CN III)

Question 9

Fill in the blanks.” On the posterior surface of the midbrain in the midline ,_____________emerge, wind around lateral aspect of midbrain to enter lateral wall of cavernous sinus.”

Answer 9

Trochlear nerve ( CN IV)

Question 10

True or False? The inferior colliculi has centers for visual reflexes (control of movement of eyes and head in response to visual and other stimuli).

Answer 10

FALSE!! The superior colliculi does this!!

Question 11

Fill in the blanks.” The inferior colliculi _________.”

Answer 11

Is responsible lower auditory centers

Question 12

Which structure has fibers connecting medial geniculate body (part of thalamus)
with inferior colliculus ?

Answer 12

Inferior brachium

Question 13

Which structure has its main fibres connecting the cerebral cortex and retina to the superior colliculus?

Answer 13

Superior brachium

Question 14

What substance is the substantia nigra rich in?

Answer 14

Melanin

Question 15

Which structure connects the Third and fourth ventricle?

Answer 15

The cerebral aqueduct

Question 16

What lines the cerebral aqueduct?

Answer 16

Lined by ependyma and surroundered by central gray matter.

Question 17

The tectum is connected to the lateral geniculate body by?

Answer 17

Superior brachium

Question 18

The tectum receives afferent fibres from which structures?

Answer 18

Optic nerve, visual cortex and spinotectal

Question 19

Fill in the blanks. “ __________ is an extension to the subthalamic region of diencephalon.”

Answer 19

Substantia nigra

Question 20

What type of neurons found in the substance nigra contains melanin pigment?

Answer 20

Dopaminergic neurons of pars compacta ( gives it the black colour)

Question 21

A degeneration of melanin-cpntaing cells in the brainstem results in which pathology?

Answer 21

Parkinson’s disease

Question 22

Where is the Trochlear nucleus located?

Answer 22

Located in periaqueductal gray matter, just dorsal to medial longidudinal fasciculus

Question 23

What is the name of the structures that separate the superior and inferior colliculi?

Answer 23

Cruciform suclus

Question 24

What nerves emerges through the groove between pons and the medulla oblongata?

Answer 24

Abducens (VI), facial (VII) and vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerves

Question 25

What structure forms the upper half of the floor of the fourth ventricle?

Answer 25

The posterior surface of the pons

Question 26

The posterior surface of the Pons is divided by what structure?

Answer 26

Median sulcus

Question 27

Fill in the blanks. “ The inferior end of the median eminence forms the ________.”

Answer 27

Facial colliculus (root of facial nerve
winding around the nucleus of abducent nerve)

Question 28

What is the name given to the floor of the superior part of the sulcus limitans?

Answer 28

Substantia ferruginea (locus ceruleus)

Question 29

What is the main source for nor adrenergic neurons?

Answer 29

Substantia ferruginea (locus ceruleus):

Question 30

The lateral geniculate body nuclei terminates where?

Answer 30

In areas 17,18,19

Question 31

What is the anterior boundary of the Foramen of Munro?

Answer 31

Anterior column of Fornix

Question 32

What is the posterior boundary of the Foramen of Munro ?

Answer 32

Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus