Photosynthesis

Question 1

Phosphorylation

Answer 1

Adding a phosphate to a molecule

Question 2

Photophosphorylation

Answer 2

Adding phosphate to a molecule using light

Question 3

Photolysis

Answer 3

Splitting of a molecule using light energy

Question 4

Hydrolysis

Answer 4

Splitting of a molecule using water

Question 5

Redox reaction

Answer 5

Reactions that involve oxidation and reduction

Question 6

Reduced

Answer 6

Gain hydrogen

Question 7

Oxidation

Answer 7

Lost hydrogen

Question 8

What enzyme catalyses the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP

Answer 8

ATP synthase

Question 9

What enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + Pi

Answer 9

ATPase

Question 10

What will affect the rate of photosynthesis and why

Answer 10

Because photosynthesis is an enzyme controlled reaction

Question 11

Define coenzyme

Answer 11

They work by transferring a chemical group from one molecule to another

Question 12

Describe chloroplasts

Answer 12

Flattened organelles found in plant cells

Question 13

What is a double membrane called

Answer 13

Chloroplast envelope

Question 14

Function or chloroplast envelope

Answer 14

Keeps the reactants for photosynthesis close to their reaction site

Question 15

Describe thylakoids

Answer 15

Fluid filled sacs with as large SA to absorb as much light energy as possible

Question 16

What is a stack of thylakoids called?

Answer 16

Grana

Question 17

What are grana linked together by

Answer 17

Bits of thylakoid membrane called lamellae

Question 18

What enzyme is there lots of in the thylakoid membrane

Answer 18

ATP synthase, to produce ATP in light-dependant reaction

Question 19

Describe the function of photosynthetic pigments

Answer 19

Coloured substances that absorb the light energy needed for photosynthesis

Question 20

Name 3 photosynthetic pigments

Answer 20

Chlorophyll A
-
Chlorophyll B
-
Carotene

Question 21

Where are photosynthetic pigments and what are they attached to?

Answer 21

Found in the thylakoid membrane attached to proteins

Question 22

Define a photo system

Answer 22

The protein and attached pigment, used to capture light energy

Question 23

Where is the stroma

Answer 23

Within the inner membrane and surrounding the thylakoids

Question 24

What is the function is stroma

Answer 24

Contains enzymes, sugars and organic acids required for the light-independent reaction to take place

Question 25

What do oil droplets store?

Answer 25

Non-carbohydrate organic material

Question 26

What are the two stages of photosynthesis

Answer 26

1. The light-dependant reaction | 2. The light-independent reaction (Calvin cycle)

Question 27

Where does the light-dependant reaction take place

Answer 27

In the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast

Question 28

Sum up the light-dependant reaction

Answer 28

Light energy is absorbed by the photosynthetic pigments in the photosystem and converted to chemical energy

Question 29

What is the light energy used for in the Light-independence reaction

Answer 29

Used to add a phosphate group to ADP - And to reduce NAPD to reduced NADP

Question 30

What a the role of the ATP and reduced NADP produced by the light-dependant reaction

Answer 30

``` ATP transfers energy - reduced NADP transfers hydrogen to the l - To the light independent reaction ```

Question 31

What happens to H2O during the light-dependant reaction

Answer 31

It is oxidised to 02

Question 32

Where does the Calvin cycle take place

Answer 32

In the stroma of the chloroplasts

Question 33

What 3 things is the light energy absorbed by photosystems for

Answer 33

1) photophosphorylation 2) reducing NADP 3) photolysis

Question 34

Describe photolysis

Answer 34

Splitting water into protons, electrons and oxygen

Question 35

What links the photosystems in the thylakoid membrane

Answer 35

Electron carries

Question 36

What are electron carriers

Answer 36

Proteins that transfer electrons

Question 37

What an electron transfer chain

Answer 37

Photosystems and electron carries: a chain of proteins through which excited electrons flow

Question 38

What are the 3 products of the light dependant reaction

Answer 38

1. ATP 2. reduced NADP 3. O2 (waste)

Question 39

Deceive cyclic photophosphorylation

Answer 39

1. Only uses PS1 2. Electrons are not passed onto NADP but passed back into PS1 via electron carriers 3. Only produces ATP

Question 40

Where does the Calvin cycle take place

Answer 40

Stroma of chloroplasts

Question 41

What is the purpose of the Calvin cycle

Answer 41

Fix carbon in organic molecules

Question 42

Describe stage 1 of Calvin cycle

Answer 42

1. Co2 enters leaf through stomata and diffuses into stroma 2. Combined with RuBP (catalysed by RUBISCO 3. Gives unstable 6-carbon compound that breaks down into 2 3-carbon molecules called GP

Question 43

Describe stage 2 of Calvin cycle

Answer 43

1. ATP and H+ ions (from Reduced NADP) turn GP into GALP 2. reduced NADP recycled into NADP 3. Some GALP converted into organic compounds and some continues to regenerate RuBP

Question 44

How many molecules of GALP needed to make a hexose sugar

Answer 44

2, GALP is a 3c molecule

Question 45

What is 5/6 molecules of GALP used for?

Answer 45

Regenerating RuBP

Question 46

What is any remaining ATP used for in Calvin cycle

Answer 46

Regenerating RuBP

Question 47

What can GALP And GP be used for?

Answer 47

1. Carbohydrates (GALP) 2. Lipids (GALP and GP) 3. Amino acids (GP) 3. Nucleus acids (GALP)