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Pharmacy INTRO > Pharmacology - Vitamins, Minerals, Nutrition, etc > Flashcards

Pharmacology - Vitamins, Minerals, Nutrition, etc Flashcards

1
Q

_____ are organic natural substances that are necessary for normal metabolic functioning, but are not synthesized in the body in sufficient amounts

A

Vitamins

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2
Q

Vitamins are usually ______

A

coenzymes

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3
Q

________ is a chemical other that a protein needed by an enzyme to assist in performing a metabolic function

A

coenzyme

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4
Q

_________ vitamins are absorbed with dietary fats and are maintained in stores by the body, mainly in the liver

A

fat-soluble vitamins

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5
Q

What two forms can vitamin A be found in?

A

Provitamin A carotenoids and Preformed A

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6
Q

What is vitamin A needed for?

A

vision
bone formation
reproduction
skin health

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7
Q

Where can Provitamin A be found in?

A

leafy greens
sweet potatoes
carrots

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8
Q

Where can Preformed A be found in?

A

butter
egg yokes
kidney

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9
Q

Low vitamin A can lead to _________, a softening and ulceration of the cornea

A

keratomalacia

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10
Q

______ can be teratogenic in the first trimester

A

Vitamin A

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11
Q

What is another name for vitamin D?

A

Calciferol

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12
Q

Vitamin D play an important roll in maintaining _____ and _______ levels in the body

A

Calcium and Phosphate

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13
Q

What are the two forms of Vitamin D?

A

Ergocalciferol (D2) and Cholecalciferol (D3)

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14
Q

Sunlight provides ____ to _____% of the bodies vitamin D stores

A

80-90%

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15
Q

Where can Vitamin D be found in?

A

fatty fish
fish liver oil
egg yolks

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16
Q

What can vitamin D be used to treat?

A

Rickets (bone softening and muscle weakness) and Osteomalacia (bone pain and muscle weakness)

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17
Q

What is the other name for Vitamin E?

A

tocopherol

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18
Q

Very high doses of vitamin ____ can result in bleeding or stroke

A

E

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19
Q

_______functions as a coenzyme for the hepatic production of blood clotting and bone metabolism

A

Vitamin K

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20
Q

What are the two forms of vitamin K?

A

phylloquinone and phytonadione

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21
Q

What is the other name for Vitamin B1?

A

thiamine

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22
Q

______ is an important coenzyme involved in carbohydrase metabolism

A

Vitamin B1

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23
Q

Low vitamin B1 can result in _______

A

beriberi (numbness, tingling, edema, and heart failure)

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24
Q

_______deficiency is most common in pregnancy and in Wernicke Korrsokoff Syndrome, which can occur in patients who abuse alcohol

A

Thiamine

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25
Q

What is the other name for Vitamin B2?

A

Ribofalvin

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26
Q

______ is made in the intestines by bacteria

A

Riboflavin

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27
Q

Vitamin B2 can be used in doses of 400mg a day to decrease ________

A

migraine headaches

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28
Q

What is another name for Vitamin B3?

A

Niacin

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29
Q

Vitamin B3 is essential for _______

A

ATP

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30
Q

What are the two types of Vitmain B3?

A

Nicotinic Acid and Nicotinamide

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31
Q

What are some water soluble vitamins?

A

Vitamin B and Vitamin C

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32
Q

What is another name for Vitamin B5?

A

Pantothenic Acid

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33
Q

What is another name for Vitamin B6?

A

Pyrodoxine

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34
Q

What is another name for Vitamin B7?

A

Biotin

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35
Q

What is another name for Vitamin B9?

A

Folic Acid or Folate

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36
Q

_______is an amino acid associated with cadiovascular disease (vitamin B9 breaks down these)

A

Homocysteine

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37
Q

What is another name for Vitamin B12?

A

Cobalamin

38
Q

Patients who have undergone _______will need to take Vitamin B12 lifelong

A

gastrectomy

39
Q

What is another name for Vitamin C?

A

Ascorbic Acid

40
Q

What is vitamin c deficiency known as?

A

Scurvy

41
Q

_______ contains a higher concentration of solute than bodily fluids. Usually 350mOsm/L

A

Hypertonic Solutions

42
Q

_______ contains a lower concentration of solute than bodily fluids. Usually less than 280mOsm/L

A

Hypotonic Solutions

43
Q

Crystalloid IV solutions contain _______

A

electrolytes

44
Q

Colloid Solutions contain _____ and other large molecules

A

protein

45
Q

What are positively charged ions called?

A

Cation

46
Q

What are negatively charged ions called?

A

Anions

47
Q

What is hyponatremia?

A

Low sodium concentration

48
Q

What is hypernatremia?

A

High sodium concentrations

49
Q

What is hypokalemia?

A

lower than normal levels of potassium concentration

50
Q

What is Hyperkalemia?

A

Increase in potassium levels

51
Q

What is phlebitis?

A

irritation of the vein

52
Q

What type of calcium is better absorbed?

A

calcium citrate

53
Q

Which type of calcium is used to control hyperphosphatemia in end stage renal failure?

A

calcium acetate

54
Q

What type of calcium is used in TPN?

A

Calcium gluconate

55
Q

________ occurs when extracellular fluid (ei blood) contains excess hydrogen ions, which causes pH levels to drop

A

acidosis

56
Q

______ occurs when excess acid is produced, bicarbonate is lost

A

Metabolic acidosis

57
Q

_____ results from slow breathing and retention of carbon dioxide in the blood

A

Respiratory acidosis

58
Q

______ takes place when excess acid is excreted by the kidneys

A

Metabolic alkalosis

59
Q

_______ occurs when breathing becomes more rapid, and carbon dioxide is eliminated from the blood

A

Respiratory alkalosis

60
Q

_________ is used for hypochloremia and metabolic alkalosis

A

ammonium chloride

61
Q

_______ is typically used to treat heartburn or metabolic acidosis

A

sodium bicarbonate

62
Q

Nearly ____% of adults and ______% of children are obese

A

70%

32%

63
Q

__________ is the sensation of feeling full and satisfied

A

satiety

64
Q

What medications are commonly used to treat obesity?

A

lipase inhibitors (Xenical)

65
Q

__________ stimulates the CNS to encourage exercise, which in turn helps with obesity

A

sympathomimetics

66
Q

A possible side effect of sympathomimetics is _________ syndrome

A

serotonin syndrome

67
Q

_________activate serotonin receptors and therefore reduce appetite and food intake

A

serotonin agonists

68
Q

_______ is a gastric hormone that inhibits gastric emptying

A

Glucagon-like peptide (saxsenda)

69
Q

________ is a chronic condition caused by inadequate calorie and protein intake over a prolonged period of time

A

marasmus

70
Q

____________ is muscle and fat tissue wasting

A

cachexia

71
Q

__________ is a condition where a persons calorie intake is adequate but protein intake is deficient

A

kwashiorkor

72
Q

______ is a method of feeding a patient liquid nutrients through a tube inserted into the GI tract

A

Enteral Nutrition

73
Q

__________ is a solution that contains lipids, amino acids, and dextrose

A

three-in-one (total nutrient admixture)

74
Q

___________ is a solution that contains amino acids and dextrose

A

two-in-one

75
Q

More than ______ of accidental poisonings occur in children under the age of _______

A

2/3

6 years

76
Q

__________are the leading cause of fatal poisoning in children

A

iron

77
Q

_________ are extremely toxic to children

A

TCA

78
Q

__________ consists of establishing the airway and performing CPR

A

Supportive Therapy

79
Q

What is a good adsorbent for poisonings?

A

activated charcoal

80
Q

_________ is the first step when a patient ingests poison

A

decontamination (administering an adsorbent)

81
Q

______ commonly known as a stomach pump

A

gastric lavage

82
Q

______ is commonly prescribed for spider bites

A

dapsone

83
Q

_______ is a neurotoxin that causes muscular paralysis

A

botulinum toxin

84
Q

________ is a toxin that is derived from the castor bean

A

Ricin

85
Q

A loss of ____% of body water can result in death

A

25%

86
Q

Which vitamins are water soluble?

A

b + c

87
Q

Which vitamins are fat soluble?

A

a, d, e, k

88
Q

_______ ions regulate the acidity or alkalinity of body fluids

A

Hydrogen Ions

89
Q

_______ is the primary cation of extracellular fluids

A

Sodium

90
Q

_______is the primary cation of intracellular fluid

A

Potassium

Pharmacy INTRO (34 decks)

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