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Pharmacy INTRO > Pharmacology - Fungi + Viruses > Flashcards

Pharmacology - Fungi + Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

_________are single celled organisms similar to the human cell. They are eukaryotic (have a defined nucleus).

A

fungi

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2
Q

Some antibiotics may cause fungal infections such as _________

A

yeast infections

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3
Q

_________prevent the synthesis of ergosterol, a building block for fungal cell membranes.

A

antifungals

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4
Q

Antifungals on the market include:

A

Diflucan (fluconazole)
Sporanox (itraconazole)
Lamisil (terbinafine)
Terazol (terconazole)

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5
Q

What us pulse dosing?

A

Patient will treat the fungi for one week per month

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6
Q

Antifungals are dispensed in two forms _________ and _________

A

topical agents and systemic agents

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7
Q

__________is given orally for vaginal or oral candidiasis, the IV form is used for patients who are unable to tolerate oral forms.

A

diflucan

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8
Q

What are some side effects of diflucan?

A

– headache, GI upset and rash.

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9
Q

_______is especially useful for fungal infections of nails. The capsule should be taken twice a day with a fatty meal.

A

sporanox

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10
Q

________kills fungus instead of inhibiting its growth

A

lamisil

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11
Q

_________ is a minute infectious agent that is much smaller than a bacterium.

A

virus

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12
Q

________can only replicate within a living cell.

A

virus

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13
Q

___________are among the most common infectious agents in humans.

A

viruses

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14
Q

Most common viruses are spread by:

A

Direct contact
Ingestion of contaminated food and water
Inhalation of airborne particles
Exposure to contaminated body fluids/equipment

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15
Q

_______is an example of a common viral infection

A

Influenza

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16
Q

Viral infections are classified in several ways:

A
  • duration or length
  • severity
  • extent of infection
  • size, shape, genetic makeup, host and properties
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17
Q

A ______virus is one which in will lie dormant and then in the right circumstances reproduce and become infective again.

A

latent

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18
Q

A virus can have several damaging effects on a host cell:

A

It can kill the host cell
Alter the cell
Incorporate into the genetic material of the host cell
Divide when the host cell divides

19
Q

Antivirals can be used to treat:

A

Herpes simplex
Herpes zoster
Influenza
Varicella

20
Q

_________acts by interfering with DNA synthesis. It is used to treat genital herpes in certain patients, herpes zoster (shingles) , and Varicella (chicken pox).

A

Zovirax

21
Q

_____________ is an oral inhibitor of the enzyme neuraminidase and is indicated for the treatment or prevention of influenza A and B.

A

Tamiflu (oseltamivir)

22
Q

Therapy must be initiated within 48 hours of symptom onset when using which medication?

A

Tamiflu

23
Q

_________are organisms that benefit at the expense of another.

A

parasites

24
Q

many _______ are human parasites

A

protazoa

25
Q

_________is a vaginal protozoa that makes the vaginal and cervical area red and inflamed.

A

Trichomonas

26
Q

What is trichomonas treated with?

A

Flagyl (metronidazole)

27
Q

____________causes cysts and the patient may suffer stomach pain, nausea, fatigue.

A

Entamoeba histolytica

28
Q

__________these are multicellular parasites and can be seen by the naked eye.

A

Helminthes (worms)

29
Q

___________is a sporozoan infection that causes fevers, chills, sweating, headache and nausea. Transmission is usually by an infected mosquito.

A

malaria

30
Q

________is the most common medication used to treat malaria

A

Aralen (chloroquine)

31
Q

___________are the scientists who study fungus.

A

Mycologists

32
Q

Fungi are __________

A

eukaryotic (having a defined nucleus)

33
Q

Fungi require either ______ or ________

A

anaerobes (need air) or facultative anaerobes (partial air)

34
Q

_________are the only fungi that are not multicellular

A

yeast

35
Q

________when fungi obtains nutrients from dead organic matter

A

Saprophyte

36
Q

__________obtain nutrients from living organism

A

Parasite or symbiote

37
Q

________fungi live in the soil and are plant parasites.

A

smut

38
Q

Classically, there are two broad groups of fungi:

A

Yeasts

Moulds

39
Q

________ is the term used to describe a disease caused by a fungus

A

Mycosis

40
Q

__________is a group of moulds, which is found everywhere world-wide, especially in the autumn and winter in the Northern hemisphere

A

Aspergillus

41
Q

Where is Aspergillus commonly found?

A

dead leaves, stored grain, compost piles, or in other decaying vegetation.

42
Q

allergic bronchopulmonary type is an allergic reaction to the fungus that develops in with asthma.

A

Pulmonary aspergillosis

43
Q

_________is a growth (fungus ball) that develops in an area of previous lung disease such as tuberculosis or lung abscess

A

Aspergilloma

Pharmacy INTRO (34 decks)

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