Pharmacology - Fungi + Viruses Flashcards
_________are single celled organisms similar to the human cell. They are eukaryotic (have a defined nucleus).
fungi
Some antibiotics may cause fungal infections such as _________
yeast infections
_________prevent the synthesis of ergosterol, a building block for fungal cell membranes.
antifungals
Antifungals on the market include:
Diflucan (fluconazole)
Sporanox (itraconazole)
Lamisil (terbinafine)
Terazol (terconazole)
What us pulse dosing?
Patient will treat the fungi for one week per month
Antifungals are dispensed in two forms _________ and _________
topical agents and systemic agents
__________is given orally for vaginal or oral candidiasis, the IV form is used for patients who are unable to tolerate oral forms.
diflucan
What are some side effects of diflucan?
– headache, GI upset and rash.
_______is especially useful for fungal infections of nails. The capsule should be taken twice a day with a fatty meal.
sporanox
________kills fungus instead of inhibiting its growth
lamisil
_________ is a minute infectious agent that is much smaller than a bacterium.
virus
________can only replicate within a living cell.
virus
___________are among the most common infectious agents in humans.
viruses
Most common viruses are spread by:
Direct contact
Ingestion of contaminated food and water
Inhalation of airborne particles
Exposure to contaminated body fluids/equipment
_______is an example of a common viral infection
Influenza
Viral infections are classified in several ways:
- duration or length
- severity
- extent of infection
- size, shape, genetic makeup, host and properties
A ______virus is one which in will lie dormant and then in the right circumstances reproduce and become infective again.
latent
A virus can have several damaging effects on a host cell:
It can kill the host cell
Alter the cell
Incorporate into the genetic material of the host cell
Divide when the host cell divides
Antivirals can be used to treat:
Herpes simplex
Herpes zoster
Influenza
Varicella
_________acts by interfering with DNA synthesis. It is used to treat genital herpes in certain patients, herpes zoster (shingles) , and Varicella (chicken pox).
Zovirax
_____________ is an oral inhibitor of the enzyme neuraminidase and is indicated for the treatment or prevention of influenza A and B.
Tamiflu (oseltamivir)
Therapy must be initiated within 48 hours of symptom onset when using which medication?
Tamiflu
_________are organisms that benefit at the expense of another.
parasites
many _______ are human parasites
protazoa
_________is a vaginal protozoa that makes the vaginal and cervical area red and inflamed.
Trichomonas
What is trichomonas treated with?
Flagyl (metronidazole)
____________causes cysts and the patient may suffer stomach pain, nausea, fatigue.
Entamoeba histolytica
__________these are multicellular parasites and can be seen by the naked eye.
Helminthes (worms)
___________is a sporozoan infection that causes fevers, chills, sweating, headache and nausea. Transmission is usually by an infected mosquito.
malaria
________is the most common medication used to treat malaria
Aralen (chloroquine)
___________are the scientists who study fungus.
Mycologists
Fungi are __________
eukaryotic (having a defined nucleus)
Fungi require either ______ or ________
anaerobes (need air) or facultative anaerobes (partial air)
_________are the only fungi that are not multicellular
yeast
________when fungi obtains nutrients from dead organic matter
Saprophyte
__________obtain nutrients from living organism
Parasite or symbiote
________fungi live in the soil and are plant parasites.
smut
Classically, there are two broad groups of fungi:
Yeasts
Moulds
________ is the term used to describe a disease caused by a fungus
Mycosis
__________is a group of moulds, which is found everywhere world-wide, especially in the autumn and winter in the Northern hemisphere
Aspergillus
Where is Aspergillus commonly found?
dead leaves, stored grain, compost piles, or in other decaying vegetation.
allergic bronchopulmonary type is an allergic reaction to the fungus that develops in with asthma.
Pulmonary aspergillosis
_________is a growth (fungus ball) that develops in an area of previous lung disease such as tuberculosis or lung abscess
Aspergilloma
