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Pharmacy INTRO > Pharmacology - Endocrine > Flashcards

Pharmacology - Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

___________encompasses the production and secretion of hormones from the glands.

A

endocrine system

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2
Q

_________regulate metabolism, growth and sexual development

A

hormones

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3
Q

Pineal gland

A

Sleep cycle

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4
Q

Pituitary gland

A

master gland

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5
Q

Thyroid gland

A

metabolism

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6
Q

Parathyroid gland

A

calcium levels

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7
Q

Thymus

A

immune function

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8
Q

Adrenal gland

A

stress levels

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9
Q

Pancreas

A

(largest gland) – production and secretion of different types of hormones and digestive juices.

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10
Q

There are two types of hormones within the endocrine system:

A

one composed of protein

the other composed of steroid.

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11
Q

Hormones perform many functions throughout the body , including

A

Maintain homeostasis (by feedback systems)
Prepare body for emergency situation.
Participate in body’s development.
Reproductive system

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12
Q

The Hypothalamus produces which hormones?

A 
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) 
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) 
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) 
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) 
Somatostatin (SS; also GHIH, growth factor-inhibiting hormone) 
Dopamine (DA)
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13
Q

Anterior pituitarylobe (adenohypophysis) produces which hormones?

A

Growth hormone(GH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, corticotropin)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, thyrotropin)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH, a gonadotropin)
Luteinizing hormone (LH, a gonadotropin)

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14
Q

Posterior pituitarylobe (neurohypophysis) produces which hormones?

A 
Oxytocin (ocytocin) 
Arginine vasopressin (AVP; also ADH, antidiuretic hormone)
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15
Q

The Thyroid gland produces which hormones?

A

Triiodothyronine (T3), the potent form of thyroid hormone
Thyroxine (T4), a less active form of thyroid hormone
Calcitonin

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16
Q

The Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas produce:

A

Insulin
Glucagon
Somatostatin

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17
Q

Adrenal cortex produces which hormones?

A

Glucocorticoids (chiefly cortisol)
Mineralocorticoids (chiefly aldosterone)
Androgens (including DHEA and testosterone)

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18
Q

Adrenal medulla produces which hormones?

A

Adrenaline (epinephrine)

Noradrenaline (norepinephrine)

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19
Q

_________is necessary for the production of T3 and T4 hormones

A

iodine

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20
Q

What is the other name for hypothyroidism?

A

myxedema

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21
Q

__________is a result of hypothyroidism at birth, often caused by a lack of iodine in the mothers diet

A

Creitinism

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22
Q

Symptoms of hypothyroidism:

A 
Weight gain (as a result of a slower metabolism)
Fatigue
Increased sensitivity to hot and cold
Paleness
Depression
Puffy face
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23
Q

What is the other name for hyperthyroidism?

A

thyrotoxicosis

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24
Q

Most common cause of hyperthyroidism is ___________

A

Graves disease

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25
Q

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism:

A 
Weight loss (often accompanied by a ravenous appetite)
Fatigue			 • Weakness
Hyperactivity		 • Irritability
Apathy			 • Depression
Polyuria			 • Sweating
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26
Q

Treatment of hyperthyroidism:

A

Drug treatments
Radioactive iodine treatment
Surgery (thyroidectomy)

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27
Q

What are some drug treatments for hyperthyroidism?

A

Propylthyracil

Tapazole

28
Q

What are the side effects of Propylthyracil and

Tapazole?

A

Altered taste
Alopecia (hair loss)
Bone marrow suppression (fever, sore throat and malaise)

29
Q

_________maintain the carbohydrate reserves in the body, as well as to suppress the inflammatory response of tissues.

A

Glucocorticoids (adrenal cortex)

30
Q

___________- help to regulate the electrolyte balance in the body by controlling the reabsorption of sodium and secretion of potassium by the kidneys.

A

Mineralocorticoids (adrenal cortex)

31
Q

_____________are secreted in small amounts. While slight in their effects, this source of sex hormones becomes important as a woman reaches menopause.

A

Sex hormones (adrenal cortex)

32
Q

_________causes the liver to convert glycogen back to glucose and release it back into the blood stream for use by the cells for energy.

A

glucagon

33
Q

__________ is also used to lower the level of sugar in the blood by increasing the rate at which the liver converts glucose into glycogen for storage in fatty tissues.

A

Insulin

34
Q

_________ _________may have many causes, including testosterone deficiency, alcoholism, cigarette smoking, psychological factors and medications

A

male impotence

35
Q

Drugs that can cause impotence:

A 
Alcohol
Amphetamines
Antihypertensives
Corticosteroids
Estrogens
H2 blockers
Haloperidol
Lithium
opiates
Some antidepressants
36
Q

___________undergoes extensive first pass metabolism in the GI tract and liver after oral administration, so alternates methods of delivery have been established

A

testosterone

37
Q

Types of oral contraceptive:

____________ is a fixed dose of estrogen and progestin throughout cycle

A

Monophasic

38
Q

Types of oral contraceptive:

________ is a fixed estrogen dose, less progestin in first half of cycle and increased during second half

A

Biphasic

39
Q

Types of oral contraceptive:

__________estrogen dose is same or varies, progestin varies throughout cycle

A

Triphasic

40
Q

Some of the main drug classes oral contraceptives interact with include:

A 
Antibiotics
Anticonvulsants
Antifungals
Benzodiazepines
Bronchodilator
41
Q

__________are based on detecting the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG).

A

pregnancy tests

42
Q

__________can increase risk of MI, CVA and blood clots

A

Hormone Replacement Therapy

43
Q

Natural Products for Menopause:

A 
Red Clover
Black Cohosh
Dong Quai
Evening Primrose
Soy
44
Q

Drugs that stimulate contraction of uterine smooth muscle at term are called _______

A

oxytocics

45
Q

__________plays a large role in keeping bones strong and healthy in females, therefore women are more prone to develop osteoporosis after menopause

A

estrogens

46
Q

Among the drugs used to treat osteoporosis are:

A

Bisphosphonates
Calcium and vitamin D supplements
Estrogen (for prevention during menopause)

47
Q

What are some Glucocorticoids?

A

Betamethasone
Hydrocortisone
Triamcinolone & triamcinolone acetate
Dexamethasone
Methylprednisolone & methylprednisolone acetate
Budesonide
Prednisolone

48
Q

What are some Mineralcorticoids?

A

Florinef – fludocortisone

49
Q

Where do most mineralcorticoids have to be stored?

A

In the fridge

50
Q

Tissues effected by hormones are called?

A

target tissue

51
Q

Thyroid products should not be taken at the same time as ______

A

bile acid sequestrants

52
Q

_______ _______ effect may be enhanced by thyroid products

A

warfarin anticoagulant

53
Q

________is a condition in which fat collects behind the eye balls

A

exophthalmos

54
Q

______ ______ is a life threatening condition in which the body has to much excess thyroid

A

thyroid storm

55
Q

______is dark skin patches on the face caused by hormone replacement therapy

A

melasma

56
Q

Heavy menstrual bleeding is usually caused by to little _______

A

progesterone

57
Q

_______ is a drug used to slow down labor

A

tocolytic agents

58
Q

_______ is a cell that reabsorbs bone

A

osteoclasts

59
Q

______ is a cell that forms bone

A

osteoblasts

60
Q

Who is more at risk for osteoporosis?

A

Females
White or asian race
history of smoking

61
Q

What is a BMD

A

Bone mineral density

62
Q

________inhibit osteoclasts from removing calcium from bone tissue

A

bisphosphonates

63
Q

What is gluconeogenesis?

A

conversion of fatty acids and protein to glucose

64
Q

_________ is a life threatening deficiency of glucorticoids and mineralcorticoids

A

Addison’s Disease

65
Q

________ is caused by an overproduction of cortisol

A

Cushing’s Disease

Pharmacy INTRO (34 decks)

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