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Pharmacy INTRO > Pharmacology - Cancer > Flashcards

Pharmacology - Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

When normal cellular growth control mechanisms are disturbed, the result is the uncontrolled overgrowth of normal tissue and the growth of tumors and/or onset of _________

A

Cancer

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2
Q

What is another name for cancer?

A

neoplastic disease

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3
Q

What is a benign tumor?

A

Stays in one place in the body and is not life threatening (non-cancerous)

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4
Q

What is a malignant tumor?

A

Can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body (cancerous)

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5
Q

A _________ _________is not restricted to one area but is scattered throughout the whole body (i.e. Leukemia)

A

diffuse tumor

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6
Q

Cancer is categorized based on the functions and/or locations of the cells from which the tumor originates:

A 
Carcinoma
Sarcoma
Leukemia
Lymphoma
Myeloma
Central Nervous System Cancers
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7
Q

_______ is skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs

A

carcinoma

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8
Q

______ is bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue

A

sarcoma

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9
Q

White blood cells and their precursor cells such as the bone marrow cells, causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood

A

Leukemia

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10
Q

cells of the immune system that affects lymphatic system

A

lymphoma

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11
Q

B-cells that produce antibodies – spreads through the lymphatic system

A

Myeloma

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12
Q

The goal of most chemotherapy regimes is to put the cancer into __________

A

remission

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13
Q

________drugs not only kill rapidly dividing cells, but also normal cells

A

antineoplastic drugs

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14
Q

_________ create irreversible cross –links in DNA interfering with the replication process.

A

Alkylating Agents

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15
Q

What class of drugs may be useful in the treatment of smaller or slow growing tumors?

A

Alkylating Agents

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16
Q

_________Interfere with the metabolism of cancer cells

A

Antimetabolites

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17
Q

____________inhibit cell division by interfering with mitosis or DNA replication

A

antibiotics

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18
Q

_________damage DNA of cells similar to radiation damage.

A

Nitrogen mustards

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19
Q

________cause DNA damage in replicating cells

A

Topoisomerase I inhibitors

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20
Q

________inhibit cellular growth and decrease proliferation of cells

A

Tyrokinase inhibitors

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21
Q

What are some side effects of chemotherapy?

A

nausea, vomiting, GI upset, hair loss, pain, bone marrow suppression etc

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22
Q

What are the ABC’s of cancer?

A

Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color that is not uniform, Diameter greater than 6 mm, Evolving size, shape or color

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23
Q

What are some antimetalobite drugs for cancer

A
  • Methotrexate
  • Hydroxyurea
  • Pemetrexed
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24
Q

What type of cancer are aromatase inhibitors used to treat?

A

breast cancer

25
Q

What anticoagulant should not be taken with tamoxifen?

A

Warfarin

26
Q

Can cancer be caused by a virus?

A

YES

27
Q

________is a procedure to remove a piece of tissue or a sample of cells from your body so that it can be analyzed in a laboratory.

A

Biopsy

28
Q

________ is a substance capable of causing cancer in living tissue.

A

Carcinogen

29
Q

________tumors are cancerous. The cells can grow and spread to other parts of the body

A

Malignant

30
Q

_______ is a new and abnormal growth of tissue in some part of the body, especially as a characteristic of cancer.

A

Neoplasm

31
Q

________ is a pathogenic agent’s spread from an initial or primary site to a different or secondary site within the host’s body

A

Metastasis

32
Q

______ are genes that promote cancer formation

A

Oncogenes

33
Q

_______ ________ _______ turn off or down-regulate the proliferation of cancer cells. They inhibit inappropriate cell growth

A

Tumor Suppressor Genes

34
Q

_______ is the number of cancer cells or the size of the tumor tissue

A

Tumor burden

35
Q

What is another word for the surgical removal of cancel tissue?

A

resected

36
Q

Used after surgery to “clean-up” areas of residual tumor is called __________

A

Adjuvant radiation therapy/chemo

37
Q

________ is a type of cancer treatment that stimulates the immune system to stop or slow the growth of cancer cells

A

Immunotherapy

38
Q

______ is an aggressive type of kidney cancer

A

carcinoma

39
Q

_______ is a fatal type of skin cancer

A

Melanoma

40
Q

__________ is given in an attempt to shrink the tumor so that it can be safely and completely removed with surgery

A

neoadjuvant chemotherapy

41
Q

______ work by binding to and damaging DNA during the cell division process, ultimately preventing cell replication

A

Alkylating Agents

42
Q

______ works in the synthesis phase of the cell cycle

A

antimetabolites

43
Q

What are some Cytotoxic drugs?

A

alkylating agent, antimetabolites, topoisomerase inhibitors, Antimicrotubule agents

44
Q

What prevents promotion of blood vessels that allow for tumor growth and invasion of surrounding tissue?

A

Angiogenesis Inhibitors

45
Q

What are some angiogenesis inhibitors?

A

bevacizumab
lenalidomide
tholidomide

46
Q

What target a specific marker or receptor on the surface of tumor cells, leading to destruction of those cells?

A

Monoclonal Antibodies

47
Q

What prevent transmission of intracellular signals that stimulate cell proliferation?

A

Signal Transduction Inhibitors

48
Q

______is programmed cell death

A

apoptosis

49
Q

_____is an amino acid that is needed for leukemia cells to proliferate

A

asparagine

50
Q

_____is an alkylating agent that is used to treat many diseases including lung, ovarian, and bone cancers

A

cisplatin

51
Q

_____ is an antimetabolite drug used to treat lung and pancreatic cancers

A

gemcitabine

52
Q

______ is a condition in which GI motility is severely reduced

A

Ileus

53
Q

Chemotherapy drugs that work by inserting themselves into stands of DNA

A

Intercalating Agents

54
Q

_______ is damage to the nerves that effect hearing

A

ototoxicity

55
Q

__________ is an antimetalobite drug that is critical to treatment of certain types of lung cancer

A

pemetrexed

56
Q

_____ is an antimicrotubule drug that are derived from the bark and needles of yew trees

A

taxanes

57
Q

______ are drugs that can cause extravasation injury

A

vesicants

58
Q

______ are part of the cell that maintains shake and structure

A

microtubules

Pharmacy INTRO (34 decks)

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