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Pharmacy INTRO > Pharmacology - Psychotic Disorders > Flashcards

Pharmacology - Psychotic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

_________is a condition associated with tension, apprehension, fear or panic

A

anxiety

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2
Q

There are four major types of anxiety disorders

A

Generalized anxiety disorder
Panic disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Post traumatic stress disorder

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3
Q

Treatment of anxiety is done by medications that affect the following neurotransmitters:

A

-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Serotonin (5-HT)
Norepinephrine (NE)

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4
Q

_________have a definite onset and end spontaneously.

A

panic attacks

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5
Q

most common drugs used to treat anxiety:

A

Benzodiazepines
Azapirones
Miscellaneous Anxiolytics
Antidepressants

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6
Q

_________work by reducing neuronal excitability

A

Benzodiazepines

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7
Q

What is a common self prescribed treatment for anxiety?

A

alcohol

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8
Q

________is the most common severe psychiatric disorder

A

clinical depression

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9
Q

What are the peak years for depression?

A

35-45

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10
Q

Who is more likely to suffer depression?

A

women

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11
Q

What are the different antidepressents?

A

SSRI, TCA, SNRI, MOAI

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12
Q

________block the reuptake of serotonin, with little effect on norepinephrine

A

SSRI

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13
Q

________is the most established in this class it is indicated for major depression and obsessive compulsive disorder.

A

Prozac

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14
Q

__________is indicated for depression, obsessive compulsive disorder and panic disorder

A

Paxil

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15
Q

________blocks reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine and is indicated for depression.

A

SNRI (EFFEXOR)

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16
Q

_________these contain three carbon rings (tricyclic) and four carbon rings (tetracyclic).

A

TCA

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17
Q

Usually a therapeutic dose of ten to twenty days is needed before improvements are apparent. The patient should stay on the drugs for 6 – 12 months to reduce risk of relapse.

A

TCA

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18
Q

_________may be used in children with bed wetting problems.

A

TCA

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19
Q

________inhibit the activity of the enzymes that break down catacholamines (epinephrine, dopamine norepinephrine) thus allowing these transmitters to build up in the synapse.

A

MAOI

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20
Q

_________are a second line treatment, because of their many interactions with food and other drugs.

A

MAOI

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21
Q

Trazodone should be avoided in young males. Can you find out why?

A

It can cause a long, hard, and dangerous erection

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22
Q

__________is characterized by cycling mood changes: severe highs (mania) and lows (depression).

A

Bipolar

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23
Q

Manic symptoms include:

A 
Overactive
Over talkative
Lots of energy
Patient may have disorganized thoughts
Short attention span
Easily distracted.
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24
Q

Depression symptoms:

A 
Low mood
Lack of energy
Changes in eating and sleeping
Sadness
Feelings of worthlessness, guilt, hopelessness
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25
Q

__________are the most commonly prescribed drugs for bipolar

A

lithium

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26
Q

___________is a chronic psychotic disorder manifested by retreat from reality, delusions, hallucinations, ambivalence , withdrawal and bizarre or regressive behavior.

A

Schizophrenia

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27
Q

Dopamine and to a lesser degree serotonin are major players in __________

A

Schizophrenia

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28
Q

Drugs chosen to help the patient do not alter the natural course of schizophrenia rather they _________

A

reduce symptoms

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29
Q

________increases the risk of congenital malformations in babies born to women

A

lithium

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30
Q

________is a recurrent seizure disorder characterized by a sudden, excessive, disorderly discharge of cerebral neurons

A

epilepsy

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31
Q

_______is a symptom of brain dysfunction

A

epilepsy

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32
Q

What are the two major types of seizures?

A

Partial

General

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33
Q

_______affect only one hemisphere of the brain and can result from injury to the cerebral cortex

A

partial seizures

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34
Q

There are two distinct types of partial seizure:

A

complex and simple

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35
Q

What is the most common type of seizure?

A

partial

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36
Q 
Stiffening or jerking in one extremity followed by a tingling sensation in the same area.  
Consciousness is not normally lost
Sensory hallucinations
May progress into a generalized seizure
are symptoms of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

simple partial seizures

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37
Q

Purposeless behavior (glassy stare, picking at clothing, aimless wandering, lip-smacking or unintelligible speech)
Patient may experience an aura immediately before seizure (smell, nausea, dreamy sensation unusual taste, visual disturbance
are symptoms of _________

A

complex partial seizures

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38
Q

__________involves both hemispheres of the brain simultaneously and has no local origin. It can occur in the absence of injury or abnormality.

A

general seizures

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39
Q

Generalized seizures can be broken down into four main categories:

A

Grand mal (tonic-clonic seizure)
Petit mal (absence seizure)
Myoclonic (bilateral massive epileptic myoclonus)
Atonic or Akinetic (drop attacks)

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40
Q

_________The body becomes rigid and the patient may fall , this last for a minute or two. The muscle jerks , shallow breathing and loss of bladder control occurs with excessive salivation. After the attack the patient is usually drowsy and confused for some hours.

A

grand mal

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41
Q

What are grand mal seizures treated with?

A

1st line therapy: Tegretol®, Dilantin® or valproic acid

2nd line therapy: phenobarbital

42
Q

__________Begins with interruption of then patients activities, by blank stare, rotating eyes uncontrolled facial movements, chewing, rapid eye blinking twitching or jerking. No generalized convulsions occur. Often the person has a premonition of the attack through unusual sensations of light, sound or taste. After the attack the patient continues normally. More common in children.

A

Petit Mal Seizures

43
Q

What are the treatments for Petit Mal Seizures?

A

valproic acid or clonazepam

44
Q

_________These seizures occur with sudden, massive, brief muscle jerks, which may throw the patient down. Consciousness is not lost and this seizure type can occur during sleep.

A

Myoclonic Seizures

45
Q

What are the treatment types for Myoclonic Seizures?

A

1st line therapy: valproic acid

2nd line therapy: lamotrigine or clonazepam

46
Q

________These begin with sudden loss of both muscle tone and consciousness. The patient may collapse, the head may drop and the jaw may slacken.

A

Atonic Seizures

47
Q

What is the treatment type for Atonic Seizures?

A

1st line therapy: Valproic acid

2nd line therapy: lamotrigine or clonazepam

48
Q

_________is a medical emergency brought on by repeated generalized seizures that can deprive the brain of oxygen

A

Status Epilepticus

49
Q

Therapy with anticonvulsants has two main goals:

A

control or reduce frequency of seizures

prevent emotional or behavioral changes

50
Q

_________is the use of one drug only and increasing the dosage.

A

monotherapy

51
Q

_________is the use of more than one drug and should be considered for patients who do not respond to monotherapy.

A

polytherapy

52
Q

_________is used to managed generalized, grand mal and simple and complex partial seizures

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin®)

53
Q

________is a known teratogen and are classified as a risk category D

A

Phenytoin

54
Q

__________is a progressive disorder of the nervous system involving degeneration of dopaminergic neurons causing impaired muscle movement usually affecting persons over 60
Symptoms are caused by an imbalance between dopamine and acetylcholine

A

parkinson’s disease

55
Q

_________is a hereditary progressive and degenerative disease of neurons that affects muscle movement, cognitive function and emotions

A

huntington’s disease

56
Q

________is a neurodegenerative disease that causes memory loss and behavioral changes

A

alzheimer’s disease

57
Q

Patients will Alzheimer’s will show a decline in the neurotransmitter__________

A

acetylcholine (ACh)

58
Q

_________is also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease. It is a progressive degenerative disease of nerves that leads to muscle weakness, paralysis and eventual death.

A

ALS

59
Q

What does ALS stand for?

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

60
Q

________is a condition characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep or both.

A

Insomnia

61
Q

_________ is a sleep disorder involving recurring inappropriate episodes of falling asleep suddenly and without warning. Attacks may last between a few seconds and 30 minutes.

A

Narcolepsy

62
Q

________are currently the preferred choice for hypnotics primarily because of their somewhat long duration of effectiveness and lower risk of fatal overdose. (compared to barbiturates)

A

benzodiazepines

63
Q

What are some non-prescription therapy’s for insomnia?

A

Diphenhydramine
Doxylamine
Melatonin
Valerian

64
Q

Primary treatment of narcolepsy is administration of ________

A

stimulants

65
Q

ADHD is assessed by three characteristics:

A

hyperactivity, impulsivity and distractibility.

66
Q

_________ has less hyperactivity then ADHD

A

ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder)

67
Q

The ________child is more lethargic and more easily distracted than a child without this disorder

A

ADD

68
Q

_________ & __________are more common in boys than girls.

A

ADHD and ADD

69
Q

_________is the drug of choice to treat ADHD and narcolepsy

A

Methylphenidate

70
Q

_________ is a severe, throbbing, vascular headache. It is characterized by recurrent unilateral head pain combined with neurologic and GI disturbances.

A

migraine headache

71
Q

Classic migraine has 5 components:

A 
prodrome ( a symptom indicating the onset)
Aura
Headache
headache relief and
postdrome (knowing it is gone)
72
Q

___________proposes that migraines are caused by vasodilation and the concomitant mechanical stimulation of sensory nerve endings.

A

vascular theory

73
Q

The medications used in migraine therapy can be divided into two classes:

A

Abortive therapy

Prophylactic therapy

74
Q

__________treats acute migraine headaches after they occur. The abortive drugs should be taken at the first sign of a headache.

A

abortive therapy

75
Q

__________therapy attempts to prevent or reduce occurrence

A

Prophylactic

76
Q

_________ are thin nerve fibers that carry pain signals

A

Nociceptors

77
Q

________is a self-limiting sensation triggered by an injury, burn, infection or other stimuli. It is usually short term in duration

A

acute pain

78
Q

_________ is pain that associated with nerve injury

A

Neuropathic pain

79
Q

Narcotics have the following effects:

A

Analgesia – reduce pain from most sources
Sedation – relieve anxiety and cause drowsiness
Euphoria – state of intense happiness or well being
Dysphoria – feeling of emotional or mental discomfort, restlessness and depression

80
Q

How is mild to moderate pain usually treated?

A

acetaminophen or an NSAID.

81
Q

Different types of neuropathic pain include:

A

Diabetic neuropathy
Phantom limb
Shingles
Trigeminal Neuralgia

82
Q

Classes of drugs used to treat neuropathic pain include:

A

Antidepressants
Antiseizure drugs
Local anesthetics
Topical medications

83
Q

_________pain lasting over three months and severe enough to impair function

A

chronic

84
Q

There are two types of narcotic analgesics:

A

Opiates & Opioids

85
Q

_______are the alkaloids found in opium (a white liquid extract of (unripe seeds of the poppy plant).

A

Opiates

86
Q

________are any medication which bind to opioid receptors in the central nervous system or gastrointestinal tract.

A

Opioids

87
Q

What are derived from opiates?

A

opiods

88
Q

Most severe side effects and adverse reactions to narcotics:

A

respiratory depression

fatal overdose

89
Q

__________promote inflammation, pain, and fever, support the function of platelets that are necessary for the clotting of blood, and protect the lining of the stomach from the damaging effects of acid.

A

Prostaglandins

90
Q

The typical recommended dose for ibuprofen is _________

A

400 mg taken every eight hours (max 800mg/q8h)

91
Q

taking more than _______mg of acetaminophen or using it long term can increase the risk of liver damage

A

4000 mg/day

92
Q

Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to reduce spasticity in:

A 
multiple sclerosis
cerebral palsy
skeletal muscle injuries
orthopedic surgery
spinal cord injury.
93
Q

Drugs used to treat spasticity are classified as:

A

Central acting:
Botulinum toxin
Dantrolene
Baclofen

Peripheral acting:
Diazepam
tizanidine

94
Q

_____________is a muscle relaxant that is available over the counter to help with muscle strains

A

methocarbamol

95
Q

What is in robaxin?

A

methocarbamol

96
Q

What is in robaxisal?

A

methocarbamol + ASA

97
Q

What is in robaxisal C1/2, C1/4, C1/2

A

methocarbamol + ASA + codeine

98
Q

What is in robaxacet?

A

methocarbamol + acetaminophen

99
Q

What is in robaxacet 8?

A

methocarbamol + acetaminophen + codeine

100
Q

What is in robax platinum?

A

methocarbamol + ibuprofen

101
Q

__________is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system). In MS , the immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers nerve fibers and causes communication problems between your brain and the rest of your body.

A

Multiple sclerosis

102
Q

_________a hereditary condition marked by progressive weakening and wasting of the muscles.

A

muscular dystrophy

Pharmacy INTRO (34 decks)

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