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Pharmacy INTRO > Pharmacology - Gastro > Flashcards

Pharmacology - Gastro Flashcards

1
Q

A group of organs that process food and liquids

A

GI System

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2
Q

Break down of large food molecules to smaller ones

A

digestion

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3
Q

Uptake of essential nutrients into the bloodstrem

A

absorption

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4
Q

The time it takes for material to pass from the mouth to the anus

A

GI transmit time or bowel transmit time

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5
Q

What is contained in gastric juices?

A

enzymes and hydrochloric acid

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6
Q

What is the most common cause of gastritis?

A

Alcohol

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7
Q

What stimulates acid secretion?

A

Caffeine

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8
Q

What can decrease sphincter pressure, resulting in reflux?

A

Nicotine

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9
Q

What contain special ions that react with hydrogen ions in the stomach and neutralize acid?

A

Antacids

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10
Q

Calcium and aluminum containing antacids cause _________

A

constipation

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11
Q

Magnesium containing antacids cause ________

A

diarrhea

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12
Q

What are the two forms of IBD?

A
  • Ulcerative Colitis

- Crohn’s Disease

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13
Q

_________affects the innermost lining of your large intestine (colon) and rectum, causing it to look scraped; characterized by bloody mucus leading to watery diarrhea containing blood, mucus, and pus.

A

Ulcerative Colitis

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14
Q

It causes inflammation of your digestive tract, which can lead to abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss and malnutrition

A

Crohn’s Disease

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15
Q

A drug that prevents or controls nausea and vomiting

A

Antiemetic

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16
Q

a local excavation in the gastric mucosa

A

Gastric Ulcer

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17
Q

a condition marked by engorgement of the vascular cushions situated within the anal sphincter muscles; result from pressure exerted on anal veins while straining to pass a stool

A

Hemorrhoids

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18
Q

a functional disorder in which the lower GI tract does not have appropriate tones or spasticity to regulate bowel activity

A

IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome)

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19
Q

a disorder of the upper GI tract caused by the action of acid and pepsin’ includes mucosal injury, erythema, erosions, and frank ulceration

A

Peptic Disease

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20
Q

usually gastric, that occurs in a clinical setting; caused by a breakdown of natural mucosal resistance.

A

Stress Ulcer

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21
Q

the sensation of the room spinning when one gets up or changed position

A

Vertigo

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22
Q

What is CTZ?

A

Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone: is an area of the medulla oblongata that receives inputs from blood-borne drugs or hormones and communicates with other structures in the vomiting center to initiate vomiting.

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23
Q

What is morbid obesity?

A

Being more than 100lb. over his/her ideal body weight

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24
Q

What is BMI?

A

Body Mass Index – It is the value derived from the height and weight of a person.

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25
Q

What is the most important dose for H2 Receptor Antagonists?

A

bedtime dose

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26
Q

What are some H2 Receptor Blockers?

A

Cimetidine, Famotidine, Ranitidine

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27
Q

What is a coating agent?

A

Sucralfate

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28
Q

What is a Prostaglandin E Analog?

A

Misoprostol

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29
Q

What is misoprostol used for?

A

NSAID induced gastric ulcers

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30
Q

a local excavation in the gastric mucosa

A

Gastric Ulcer

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31
Q

______is a pepcid lesion situated in the duodenum

A

Duodenal Ulcer

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32
Q

_________ is caused by the breakdown of natural mucosal resistance

A

Stress Ulcers

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33
Q

___________ are used for both induction and maintenance of remission in patients with crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis

A

Aminosalicylates

34
Q

What are some Aminosalicylated?

A

sulfasalazine and mesalamine

35
Q

Gallstones are pebble-like structures that obstruct the ________

A

cystic duct

36
Q

What drug is a immunosupressant?

A

azathioprine (Imuran)

37
Q

What is a gallstone dissolution agent?

A

ursodiol

38
Q

________are classified as antidiarrheals

A

Adsorbents

39
Q

What drugs can cause diarrhea?

A

ACE Inhibitors, H2 Receptor Antagonists, NSAIDS, PPI, Antibiotics, and Digoxin

40
Q

What drug is an adsorbent?

A

Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate)

41
Q

What should not be taken with Pepto-Bismol?

A

Anticoagulants, Methotrexate, and Tetracycline

42
Q

What are some Antimotility Drugs?

A

Lotomil (difenoxylate-atropine), Imodium (loperamide)

43
Q

Antimotility drugs for diarrhea work by slowing ________

A

parastalsis

44
Q

What is a protozoan?

A

Single-cell animal or parasite

45
Q

What medication can we take to treat infectious diarrhea?

A

Zaxine (rifaximin) - Indicated to treat Travellers Diarrhea

46
Q

What is a bulk forming laxative?

A

It works best to prevent constipation, not treat it. It draws water and electrolytes into the GI system

47
Q

What are some bulk forming laxatives?

A

Metamucil (psyllium) and Benefiber (wheat dextrin)

48
Q

What are some surfactant laxatives?

A

Docusate and Senokot - S

49
Q

What are some osmotic laxatives?

A

Fleet (glycerin), Milk of Magnesis (magnesium hydroxide)

50
Q

What are some stimulant laxatives?

A

Dulcolax (bisacodyl) and Sennakot

51
Q

What are some antiflatulents?

A

Gas Aid, Dioval, Gas-x (simethicone)

52
Q

What are some bowel evacuants?

A

Peg 3350 (polyethylene glycol 3350) and Colyte, Lactulose

53
Q

________ is a substance that acts as a detergent, helping fatty and watery components of the intestinal contents to mix, thus making the stool soft and mushy

A

Surfactant Laxatives

54
Q

_______ are organic substances that draw water into the colon and thereby stimulate evacuation of the lower bowel

A

Osmotic Laxative

55
Q

________ is a inorganic salt that draws water into the intestinal lumen and increases intraluminal pressure

A

Saline Laxative

56
Q

_________ work by stimulating parasympathetic neurons that control bowel muscles, thereby enhancing peristalsis and GI motility.

A

Stimulant Laxative

57
Q

What is flatulence?

A

Stomach or intestinal gas

58
Q

________ is when the colon acts as if it is divided into small parts that move independently of each other rather than contributing to an integrated overall motion

A

Colonic segmentaion

59
Q

______occurs when an outpocketing from the bowel wall forms and/or becomes inflamed

A

Diverticular Disease

60
Q

Straining to pass small, firm stools can cause _______

A

Hiatal Hernia (chronic constipation)

61
Q

What are some symptoms of IBS?

A

Gas, abdominal distension, increased colonic mucus, pain, and irregular bowel habits

62
Q

________ and ________ are antiemetics that share a similar chemical structure. They are used to treat mild motion sickness

A

Antihistamine and Anticholinergics

63
Q

How to antihistamine and anticholinergics work?

A

By blocking histamine and acetycholine, two neurotransmitter in the CTS vomiting center.

64
Q

What are some side efferts of Antihistamine and Anticholinergics?

A

drowsiness, dry mouth, and urinary retension

65
Q

What are some Antihistamine and Anticholinergics?

A

Gravol (dimenhydrinate) and Benadryl (diphenhydramine)

66
Q

What are some Serotonin Receptor Antagonists?

A

Zofran (ondansetron)

67
Q

________are potent antiemetics used to prevent and treat severe nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy medications and treatmets.

A

Serotonin Receptor Antagonists

68
Q

What are some drugs used for Hepatitis?

A

Entecavir (baraclude) - chronic hepatitis B

Tenofovir

69
Q

_______ as be used to treat nausea

A

shiatsu acupressure

70
Q

_______are gram-positive bacteria that are normal flora of the human GI tract

A

Lactobacilli

71
Q

What drug should women not take, because it can abort a pregnancy?

A

misoprostol

72
Q

List a few different Antacids

A

Gaviscon Extra Strength
Tums
Milk of Magnesia
Pepcid Complete

73
Q

What increases colon content and propulsive motility?

A

Dietary Fiber

74
Q

____________is often associated with low-fiber diets

A

Chronic constipation

75
Q

Patients taking opiods should take a ____________ laxative

A

stimulant

76
Q

The ________, when stimulated, may cause vomiting

A

CTZ

77
Q

Some antiemetics bind to _________ to prevent nausea

A

Serotonin (5-HT) Receptors

78
Q

How is hepatitis C transmitted?

A

Through blood and bodily fluids

79
Q

Vaccines have been developed to prevent which hepatitis’?

A

Hepatitis A & B but NOT C

80
Q

________ and __________ are used to treat ulcerative colitis

A

mesalazine and sulfasalazine

81
Q

__________ is used to treat GI diseases as well as other autoimmune diseases

A

azathioprine (Imuran)

82
Q

________ is an irritation and superficial erosion of the stomach lining

A

gastritis

Pharmacy INTRO (34 decks)

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