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Pharmacy INTRO > Pharmacology - Cardio > Flashcards

Pharmacology - Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main types of arrythmias?

A

Atrial Flutter
Atrial fibrillation
Ventricular fibrillation

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2
Q

What is the risk if a person has atrial fibrillation?

A

stroke

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3
Q

What is the most dangerous type of arrythmia?

A

ventricular arrythmia

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4
Q

What types of foods should be avoided when taking warfarin?

A

foods high in vitamin K

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5
Q

Warfarin should be taken at the same _______ each day

A

time

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6
Q

What is a TIA?

A

Transient Ischemic Attach (mini stroke)

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7
Q

What medication for arrythmia must be taken with food?

A

dabigatran and rivaroxaban

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8
Q

What are some symptoms of a TIA?

A

Poor balance
Vertigo
Dizziness

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9
Q

What are some treatments to people who have suffered from TIA?

A

Anticoagulant
Antiplatelet
Lifestyle Changes
Surgery

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10
Q

How can you tell if a person is having a stroke or a TIA?

A

Strokes tend to last more than 24 hours whereas TIA is usually minutes to a few hours

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11
Q

What are some treatments for stoke patients?

A

Anticoagulants
Neurosurgical Intervention
Fibrinolytics

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12
Q

When the heart beats to slowly

A

Bradycardia

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13
Q

When the heart beats to fast

A

Tachycardia

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14
Q

How can bradycardia and tachycardia be diagnosed?

A

ECG

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15
Q

What are some cardiovascular drugs?

A 
Beta Blockers
ARB'S
ACE Inhibitors
Diuretics
CCB
Nitrates
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16
Q

People who have diabetes should be careful when taking which class of medication?

A

Beta Blockers

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17
Q

What type of auxiliary label will be on a beta blocker?

A

“dizziness”

“may impair ability to drive”

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18
Q

How long after a heart attack to patients usually take beta blockers for?

A

3-5 years

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19
Q

What are the most common uses for CCBS?

A

Angina and Hypertension

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20
Q

What auxillary labels should be on a ccb?

A

“avoid grapefruit juice”

“dizziness”

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21
Q

What class of drugs should NOT be taken with tadalafil or sildenafil?

A

nitrates

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22
Q

Why can a person not take a nitrate with tadalafil?

A

it causes a drop in blood pressure

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23
Q

A person should be nitrate patch free for hoe many hours a day avoid tolerance?

A

8-12 hours

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24
Q

What auxillary labels would be on a nitrate?

A

“do not shake”
“blurred vision and dizziness”
“do not take w/alcohol”

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25
Q

What class of drugs should not be used in pregnancy?

A

ACE Inhibitors and ARB’S

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26
Q

What is the most common side effect of an ACE Inhibitor?

A

dry cough

27
Q

What type of drugs can reduce the effectiveness of an ACE Inhibitor?

A

NSAIDS

28
Q

What do antiarrythmatics do?

A

slows down the heart rhythm

29
Q

What type of drug should not be taken with severe asthma?

A

antiarrythmatics

30
Q

What are the three main types of diuretics?

A

Loop Diuretic
Potassium Sparing Diuretic
Thiazide Diuretic

31
Q

What are the main side effects of diuretics?

A

Muscle cramps
Photo sensitivity
Dehydration

32
Q

What treats hypertension and prostate conditions?

A

Alpha Blockers

33
Q

What is optimal blood pressure?

A

systolic less than 120, diastolic less than 80

34
Q

What is prehypertension?

A

systolic 120-139, diastolic 80-89

35
Q

What is stage one high BP?

A

systolic 140-159, diastolic 90-99

36
Q

What is stage two high BP?

A

systolic 160 or higher, diastolic 100 or higher

37
Q

What are some non drug therapy treatments to high BP?

A 
Quit smoking
Weight loss
Healthy diet avoiding salty foods
Reduce alcohol consumption
Begin a program of physical activity
Control stress
38
Q

________ is a gradual process in which plaques (collections) of cholesterol are deposited in the walls of arteries

A

Atherosclerosis

39
Q

What are some risk factors of atherosclerosis?

A 
Smoking cigarettes
High blood pressure
Elevated cholesterol
Diabetes
Family history
Obesity
40
Q

________is due to an imbalance between oxygen supply and oxygen demand

A

Angina

41
Q

What are the three most common types of angina?

A

Stable
Unstable
Variant

42
Q

Also known as myocardial infarction, coronary thrombosis or coronary occlusion

A

Heart Attack

43
Q

_______ is the malfunction of one or more heart valves

A

Valvular Heart Disease

44
Q

Rheumatic fever and infective inflammation of the heart (endocarditis) can lead to ________

A

Valvular Heart Disease

45
Q

What is LDL?

A

low density lipoprotein “bad”

46
Q

What is HDL?

A

high density lipoprotein “good”

47
Q

elevated LDL cholesterol, normal or low HDL cholesterol and normal or elevated triglycerides is also called ________

A

high cholesterol

48
Q

What are some high cholesterol treatments?

A

Bile acid sequestering resins (cholestyramine, colestipol)
Statins (atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin)
Niacin
Fibrates (fenofibrate, gemfibrozil)
Cholesterol absorption inhibitor (ezetrol)

49
Q

What is CV?

A

Cardiovascular Disease

50
Q

What is SA?

A

Sinoatrial node

51
Q

What is AV?

A

Atrioventricular node

52
Q

What is MI?

A

Myocardial Infarction (heart attack)

53
Q

What is PE?

A

Pulmonary Embolism

54
Q

________is an enzyme in blood that causes clotting

A

Thombin

55
Q

What does INR stand for?

A

International Normalized Ratio

56
Q

______is the portion of the blood sample that is red blood cells

A

Hematocrit

57
Q

______ is a naturally occurring circulatory anticoagulant produced in mass cells

A

Heparin

58
Q

What are common side effects of heparin?

A

bruising, bleeding due to excessive anticoagulation and thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)

59
Q

What are some low molecular weigh heparins?

A

Fragmin
Lovenox
Innohep

60
Q

What are the two main cerebrovascular accidents?

A

Ischemic Stroke

Cererbal Hemorrhage

61
Q

What is CVA?

A

Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)

62
Q

________results from an obstruction of blood flow

A

ischemic stroke

63
Q

__________is a rupture in a blood vessel that supplies an area of the brain

A

hemorrhagic stroke

64
Q

_______is an odorless white waxlike substance that is present in all foods of animal origin but not in foods of plant origin

A

cholesterol

Pharmacy INTRO (34 decks)

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