Pharmacology - Cardio Flashcards
What are the three main types of arrythmias?
Atrial Flutter
Atrial fibrillation
Ventricular fibrillation
What is the risk if a person has atrial fibrillation?
stroke
What is the most dangerous type of arrythmia?
ventricular arrythmia
What types of foods should be avoided when taking warfarin?
foods high in vitamin K
Warfarin should be taken at the same _______ each day
time
What is a TIA?
Transient Ischemic Attach (mini stroke)
What medication for arrythmia must be taken with food?
dabigatran and rivaroxaban
What are some symptoms of a TIA?
Poor balance
Vertigo
Dizziness
What are some treatments to people who have suffered from TIA?
Anticoagulant
Antiplatelet
Lifestyle Changes
Surgery
How can you tell if a person is having a stroke or a TIA?
Strokes tend to last more than 24 hours whereas TIA is usually minutes to a few hours
What are some treatments for stoke patients?
Anticoagulants
Neurosurgical Intervention
Fibrinolytics
When the heart beats to slowly
Bradycardia
When the heart beats to fast
Tachycardia
How can bradycardia and tachycardia be diagnosed?
ECG
What are some cardiovascular drugs?
Beta Blockers ARB'S ACE Inhibitors Diuretics CCB Nitrates
People who have diabetes should be careful when taking which class of medication?
Beta Blockers
What type of auxiliary label will be on a beta blocker?
“dizziness”
“may impair ability to drive”
How long after a heart attack to patients usually take beta blockers for?
3-5 years
What are the most common uses for CCBS?
Angina and Hypertension
What auxillary labels should be on a ccb?
“avoid grapefruit juice”
“dizziness”
What class of drugs should NOT be taken with tadalafil or sildenafil?
nitrates
Why can a person not take a nitrate with tadalafil?
it causes a drop in blood pressure
A person should be nitrate patch free for hoe many hours a day avoid tolerance?
8-12 hours
What auxillary labels would be on a nitrate?
“do not shake”
“blurred vision and dizziness”
“do not take w/alcohol”
What class of drugs should not be used in pregnancy?
ACE Inhibitors and ARB’S
What is the most common side effect of an ACE Inhibitor?
dry cough
What type of drugs can reduce the effectiveness of an ACE Inhibitor?
NSAIDS
What do antiarrythmatics do?
slows down the heart rhythm
What type of drug should not be taken with severe asthma?
antiarrythmatics
What are the three main types of diuretics?
Loop Diuretic
Potassium Sparing Diuretic
Thiazide Diuretic
What are the main side effects of diuretics?
Muscle cramps
Photo sensitivity
Dehydration
What treats hypertension and prostate conditions?
Alpha Blockers
What is optimal blood pressure?
systolic less than 120, diastolic less than 80
What is prehypertension?
systolic 120-139, diastolic 80-89
What is stage one high BP?
systolic 140-159, diastolic 90-99
What is stage two high BP?
systolic 160 or higher, diastolic 100 or higher
What are some non drug therapy treatments to high BP?
Quit smoking Weight loss Healthy diet avoiding salty foods Reduce alcohol consumption Begin a program of physical activity Control stress
________ is a gradual process in which plaques (collections) of cholesterol are deposited in the walls of arteries
Atherosclerosis
What are some risk factors of atherosclerosis?
Smoking cigarettes High blood pressure Elevated cholesterol Diabetes Family history Obesity
________is due to an imbalance between oxygen supply and oxygen demand
Angina
What are the three most common types of angina?
Stable
Unstable
Variant
Also known as myocardial infarction, coronary thrombosis or coronary occlusion
Heart Attack
_______ is the malfunction of one or more heart valves
Valvular Heart Disease
Rheumatic fever and infective inflammation of the heart (endocarditis) can lead to ________
Valvular Heart Disease
What is LDL?
low density lipoprotein “bad”
What is HDL?
high density lipoprotein “good”
elevated LDL cholesterol, normal or low HDL cholesterol and normal or elevated triglycerides is also called ________
high cholesterol
What are some high cholesterol treatments?
Bile acid sequestering resins (cholestyramine, colestipol)
Statins (atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin)
Niacin
Fibrates (fenofibrate, gemfibrozil)
Cholesterol absorption inhibitor (ezetrol)
What is CV?
Cardiovascular Disease
What is SA?
Sinoatrial node
What is AV?
Atrioventricular node
What is MI?
Myocardial Infarction (heart attack)
What is PE?
Pulmonary Embolism
________is an enzyme in blood that causes clotting
Thombin
What does INR stand for?
International Normalized Ratio
______is the portion of the blood sample that is red blood cells
Hematocrit
______ is a naturally occurring circulatory anticoagulant produced in mass cells
Heparin
What are common side effects of heparin?
bruising, bleeding due to excessive anticoagulation and thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)
What are some low molecular weigh heparins?
Fragmin
Lovenox
Innohep
What are the two main cerebrovascular accidents?
Ischemic Stroke
Cererbal Hemorrhage
What is CVA?
Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)
________results from an obstruction of blood flow
ischemic stroke
__________is a rupture in a blood vessel that supplies an area of the brain
hemorrhagic stroke
_______is an odorless white waxlike substance that is present in all foods of animal origin but not in foods of plant origin
cholesterol
