Pharmacology - Respiratory Flashcards
_______ is an inflammatory disorder of the airways and causes coughing, wheezing, breathlessness, and chest tightness
Asthma
COPD encompasses two major diseases:
emphysema and chronic bronchitis
_______ is irreversible
COPD
________is reversible
Asthma
labored or difficult breathing
dyspnea
You can assess the severity of asthma with a ________ to measure ________
peak flow meter
peak expiratory flow rate
PEFER
Peak expiratory flow rate
What does MDI stand for?
Metered dose inhaler
How long should the patient wait in between different inhalers
5 minutes
How can asthma medication be administered to children?
nebulizer
What is a SABA?
short-acting beta agonist or bronchodilators
What should a patient do after using a corticosteroid inhaler?
rinse mouth
What are some corticosteroid inhalers?
Qvar, Pulmicort, Flovent
_______ is used for long-term control of moderate to severe asthma
leukotriene inhibitors
________ may be used for mild persistent or more sever asthma
mast cell stabilizer
_______ causes relaxation of air-way smooth muscle and is structurally similar to caffeine
xanthine derivatives
_________is a mechanism for clearing the airways of excess secretions and foreign materials.
coughing
______are agents that suppress coughing.
antitussives
What are the two principle site of action of antitussives
- CNS depression of the cough centre in the medulla. (cough reflex)
- Suppression of nerve receptors within the respiratory tract.
________ is the “gold standard” of antitussives.
codeine
_______ is a CNS depressant and has a drying effect on the mucosa
codeine
What are the side effects of codeine?
nausea, drowsiness, dizziness, constipation.
________is also used as an antitussive.
dextromethorphan
___________decrease the thickness and stickiness of mucous, decreasing viscosity and increasing expiration of mucous
expectorants
What is the most commonly used expectorant?
guaifenesin
________is derived from tree bark extract and is a common component of cough and cold remedies.
guaifenesin
What does guaifenesin do?
loosens phlegm (mucus) and thins bronchial secretions to make coughs productive and rid the respiratory tract of mucous
What are some side effects of guaifenesin?
vomiting, nausea, GI upset and drowsiness
_________stimulates the alpha-adrenergic receptors of the vascular smooth muscle.
decongestants
Sympathetic nervous system stimulation causes ____________
increased heart rate and blood pressure and heightened CNS stimulation
Decongestants’ should not be taken if the patient is using other drugs to treat any of the following conditions:
Diabetes
Heart disease
Hypertension
Hyperthyroidism
What are some side effects of decongestants?
Anxiety CNS stimulation (inability to sleep) Dizziness Headache Increased heart rate
What is the most used decongestant?
Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
_________products must now be kept as schedule 2 in the province of Alberta.
Pseudoephedrine
Two types of drugs block the histamine receptors:
H1 - respiratory
H2 - GI
_______occurs when antihistamines penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
sedation
H1 blockers have many uses including:
Allergies, Insomnia, Cough Control, relief of hay fever
_______ is inhalation of fluids from the mouth and throat
aspiration
_________ is provoked by airborne allergens
asthma
____________ is a condition in which the inner lining of the bronchial airways becomes inflamed, causing the expiration of air from the lungs to be obstructed
bronchitis
_______ is an agent that causes the mucus membrane to shrink, allowing the sinus cavities to drain
decongestant
_______ is an agent that decreases the thickness and stickiness of mucus
expectorant
_________ is a device that delivers a specific amount of medication in a puff of compressed gas.
MDI
_______ is a device used in the administration of inhaled medications, uses air flowing past a liquid to create a mist
Nebulizer
Cigarette smoke contains more than ______ chemical compounds
4000
How many chemical compounds in cigarettes are carcinogens?
60
________-is the addictive drug in tobacco
nicotine
________damage and destroy the small hairs lining the airways. These small hairs are used to clean your airways, and when destroyed, it leaves your lungs vulnerable to irritants and cancer causing chemicals.
Phenols
What is TB?
Tuberculosis
_______most commonly attacks the lungs, but can also affect the central nervous system, the lymphatic system, the circulatory system, the genitourinary system, bones, joints and even the skin.
Tuberculosis
_____% of the cases are pulmonary TB
75
What are some symptoms of TB?
chest pain, coughing up blood, and a productive, prolonged cough for more than three weeks
How is TB spread?
aerosols
What does CF stand for?
Cystic Fibrosis
What is RDS?
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
______occurs in newborns during the first few hours of life. Its characteristics – acute asphyxia with hypoxia and acidosis – can inhibit pulmonary surfactant production
RDS
In adults RDS is called _______
ARDS or Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
________an irreversible lung disease characterized by destruction of the alveoli, allows air to accumulate in organs and tissue
Emphysema
________ is the oversecretion of thick mucus clogs the respiratory system
Cystic Fibrosis
What are some “rescue” medications?
ventolin, bricanyl, berotec
What are some “non-rescue” medications?
servent, oxeze
What are some “controller” medications?
Flovent, Qvar, Pulmicort
_______ are usually “controller” medications?
corticosteroids
