Pharmacology - Respiratory

Question 1

_______ is an inflammatory disorder of the airways and causes coughing, wheezing, breathlessness, and chest tightness

Answer 1

Asthma

Question 2

COPD encompasses two major diseases:

Answer 2

emphysema and chronic bronchitis

Question 3

_______ is irreversible

Answer 3

COPD

Question 4

________is reversible

Answer 4

Asthma

Question 5

labored or difficult breathing

Answer 5

dyspnea

Question 6

You can assess the severity of asthma with a ________ to measure ________

Answer 6

peak flow meter

peak expiratory flow rate

Question 7

PEFER

Answer 7

Peak expiratory flow rate

Question 8

What does MDI stand for?

Answer 8

Metered dose inhaler

Question 9

How long should the patient wait in between different inhalers

Answer 9

5 minutes

Question 10

How can asthma medication be administered to children?

Answer 10

nebulizer

Question 11

What is a SABA?

Answer 11

short-acting beta agonist or bronchodilators

Question 12

What should a patient do after using a corticosteroid inhaler?

Answer 12

rinse mouth

Question 13

What are some corticosteroid inhalers?

Answer 13

Qvar, Pulmicort, Flovent

Question 14

_______ is used for long-term control of moderate to severe asthma

Answer 14

leukotriene inhibitors

Question 15

________ may be used for mild persistent or more sever asthma

Answer 15

mast cell stabilizer

Question 16

_______ causes relaxation of air-way smooth muscle and is structurally similar to caffeine

Answer 16

xanthine derivatives

Question 17

_________is a mechanism for clearing the airways of excess secretions and foreign materials.

Answer 17

coughing

Question 18

______are agents that suppress coughing.

Answer 18

antitussives

Question 19

What are the two principle site of action of antitussives

Answer 19

1. CNS depression of the cough centre in the medulla. (cough reflex)
2. Suppression of nerve receptors within the respiratory tract.

Question 20

________ is the “gold standard” of antitussives.

Answer 20

codeine

Question 21

_______ is a CNS depressant and has a drying effect on the mucosa

Answer 21

codeine

Question 22

What are the side effects of codeine?

Answer 22

nausea, drowsiness, dizziness, constipation.

Question 23

________is also used as an antitussive.

Answer 23

dextromethorphan

Question 24

___________decrease the thickness and stickiness of mucous, decreasing viscosity and increasing expiration of mucous

Answer 24

expectorants

Question 25

What is the most commonly used expectorant?

Answer 25

guaifenesin

Question 26

________is derived from tree bark extract and is a common component of cough and cold remedies.

Answer 26

guaifenesin

Question 27

What does guaifenesin do?

Answer 27

loosens phlegm (mucus) and thins bronchial secretions to make coughs productive and rid the respiratory tract of mucous

Question 28

What are some side effects of guaifenesin?

Answer 28

vomiting, nausea, GI upset and drowsiness

Question 29

_________stimulates the alpha-adrenergic receptors of the vascular smooth muscle.

Answer 29

decongestants

Question 30

Sympathetic nervous system stimulation causes ____________

Answer 30

increased heart rate and blood pressure and heightened CNS stimulation

Question 31

Decongestants’ should not be taken if the patient is using other drugs to treat any of the following conditions:

Answer 31

Diabetes Heart disease Hypertension Hyperthyroidism

Question 32

What are some side effects of decongestants?

Answer 32

``` Anxiety CNS stimulation (inability to sleep) Dizziness Headache Increased heart rate ```

Question 33

What is the most used decongestant?

Answer 33

Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)

Question 34

_________products must now be kept as schedule 2 in the province of Alberta.

Answer 34

Pseudoephedrine

Question 35

Two types of drugs block the histamine receptors:

Answer 35

H1 - respiratory | H2 - GI

Question 36

_______occurs when antihistamines penetrate the blood-brain barrier.

Answer 36

sedation

Question 37

H1 blockers have many uses including:

Answer 37

Allergies, Insomnia, Cough Control, relief of hay fever

Question 38

_______ is inhalation of fluids from the mouth and throat

Answer 38

aspiration

Question 39

_________ is provoked by airborne allergens

Answer 39

asthma

Question 40

____________ is a condition in which the inner lining of the bronchial airways becomes inflamed, causing the expiration of air from the lungs to be obstructed

Answer 40

bronchitis

Question 41

_______ is an agent that causes the mucus membrane to shrink, allowing the sinus cavities to drain

Answer 41

decongestant

Question 42

_______ is an agent that decreases the thickness and stickiness of mucus

Answer 42

expectorant

Question 43

_________ is a device that delivers a specific amount of medication in a puff of compressed gas.

Answer 43

MDI

Question 44

_______ is a device used in the administration of inhaled medications, uses air flowing past a liquid to create a mist

Answer 44

Nebulizer

Question 45

Cigarette smoke contains more than ______ chemical compounds

Answer 45

4000

Question 46

How many chemical compounds in cigarettes are carcinogens?

Answer 46

60

Question 47

________-is the addictive drug in tobacco

Answer 47

nicotine

Question 48

________damage and destroy the small hairs lining the airways. These small hairs are used to clean your airways, and when destroyed, it leaves your lungs vulnerable to irritants and cancer causing chemicals.

Answer 48

Phenols

Question 49

What is TB?

Answer 49

Tuberculosis

Question 50

_______most commonly attacks the lungs, but can also affect the central nervous system, the lymphatic system, the circulatory system, the genitourinary system, bones, joints and even the skin.

Answer 50

Tuberculosis

Question 51

_____% of the cases are pulmonary TB

Answer 51

75

Question 52

What are some symptoms of TB?

Answer 52

chest pain, coughing up blood, and a productive, prolonged cough for more than three weeks

Question 53

How is TB spread?

Answer 53

aerosols

Question 54

What does CF stand for?

Answer 54

Cystic Fibrosis

Question 55

What is RDS?

Answer 55

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Question 56

______occurs in newborns during the first few hours of life. Its characteristics – acute asphyxia with hypoxia and acidosis – can inhibit pulmonary surfactant production

Answer 56

RDS

Question 57

In adults RDS is called _______

Answer 57

ARDS or Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Question 58

________an irreversible lung disease characterized by destruction of the alveoli, allows air to accumulate in organs and tissue

Answer 58

Emphysema

Question 59

________ is the oversecretion of thick mucus clogs the respiratory system

Answer 59

Cystic Fibrosis

Question 60

What are some "rescue" medications?

Answer 60

ventolin, bricanyl, berotec

Question 61

What are some "non-rescue" medications?

Answer 61

servent, oxeze

Question 62

What are some "controller" medications?

Answer 62

Flovent, Qvar, Pulmicort

Question 63

_______ are usually "controller" medications?

Answer 63

corticosteroids