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Pharmacy INTRO > Pharmacology - Respiratory > Flashcards

Pharmacology - Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

_______ is an inflammatory disorder of the airways and causes coughing, wheezing, breathlessness, and chest tightness

A

Asthma

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2
Q

COPD encompasses two major diseases:

A

emphysema and chronic bronchitis

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3
Q

_______ is irreversible

A

COPD

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4
Q

________is reversible

A

Asthma

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5
Q

labored or difficult breathing

A

dyspnea

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6
Q

You can assess the severity of asthma with a ________ to measure ________

A

peak flow meter

peak expiratory flow rate

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7
Q

PEFER

A

Peak expiratory flow rate

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8
Q

What does MDI stand for?

A

Metered dose inhaler

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9
Q

How long should the patient wait in between different inhalers

A

5 minutes

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10
Q

How can asthma medication be administered to children?

A

nebulizer

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11
Q

What is a SABA?

A

short-acting beta agonist or bronchodilators

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12
Q

What should a patient do after using a corticosteroid inhaler?

A

rinse mouth

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13
Q

What are some corticosteroid inhalers?

A

Qvar, Pulmicort, Flovent

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14
Q

_______ is used for long-term control of moderate to severe asthma

A

leukotriene inhibitors

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15
Q

________ may be used for mild persistent or more sever asthma

A

mast cell stabilizer

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16
Q

_______ causes relaxation of air-way smooth muscle and is structurally similar to caffeine

A

xanthine derivatives

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17
Q

_________is a mechanism for clearing the airways of excess secretions and foreign materials.

A

coughing

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18
Q

______are agents that suppress coughing.

A

antitussives

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19
Q

What are the two principle site of action of antitussives

A
  1. CNS depression of the cough centre in the medulla. (cough reflex)
  2. Suppression of nerve receptors within the respiratory tract.
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20
Q

________ is the “gold standard” of antitussives.

A

codeine

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21
Q

_______ is a CNS depressant and has a drying effect on the mucosa

A

codeine

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22
Q

What are the side effects of codeine?

A

nausea, drowsiness, dizziness, constipation.

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23
Q

________is also used as an antitussive.

A

dextromethorphan

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24
Q

___________decrease the thickness and stickiness of mucous, decreasing viscosity and increasing expiration of mucous

A

expectorants

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25
Q

What is the most commonly used expectorant?

A

guaifenesin

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26
Q

________is derived from tree bark extract and is a common component of cough and cold remedies.

A

guaifenesin

27
Q

What does guaifenesin do?

A

loosens phlegm (mucus) and thins bronchial secretions to make coughs productive and rid the respiratory tract of mucous

28
Q

What are some side effects of guaifenesin?

A

vomiting, nausea, GI upset and drowsiness

29
Q

_________stimulates the alpha-adrenergic receptors of the vascular smooth muscle.

A

decongestants

30
Q

Sympathetic nervous system stimulation causes ____________

A

increased heart rate and blood pressure and heightened CNS stimulation

31
Q

Decongestants’ should not be taken if the patient is using other drugs to treat any of the following conditions:

A

Diabetes
Heart disease
Hypertension
Hyperthyroidism

32
Q

What are some side effects of decongestants?

A 
Anxiety
CNS stimulation (inability to sleep)
Dizziness
Headache
Increased heart rate
33
Q

What is the most used decongestant?

A

Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)

34
Q

_________products must now be kept as schedule 2 in the province of Alberta.

A

Pseudoephedrine

35
Q

Two types of drugs block the histamine receptors:

A

H1 - respiratory

H2 - GI

36
Q

_______occurs when antihistamines penetrate the blood-brain barrier.

A

sedation

37
Q

H1 blockers have many uses including:

A

Allergies, Insomnia, Cough Control, relief of hay fever

38
Q

_______ is inhalation of fluids from the mouth and throat

A

aspiration

39
Q

_________ is provoked by airborne allergens

A

asthma

40
Q

____________ is a condition in which the inner lining of the bronchial airways becomes inflamed, causing the expiration of air from the lungs to be obstructed

A

bronchitis

41
Q

_______ is an agent that causes the mucus membrane to shrink, allowing the sinus cavities to drain

A

decongestant

42
Q

_______ is an agent that decreases the thickness and stickiness of mucus

A

expectorant

43
Q

_________ is a device that delivers a specific amount of medication in a puff of compressed gas.

A

MDI

44
Q

_______ is a device used in the administration of inhaled medications, uses air flowing past a liquid to create a mist

A

Nebulizer

45
Q

Cigarette smoke contains more than ______ chemical compounds

A

4000

46
Q

How many chemical compounds in cigarettes are carcinogens?

A

60

47
Q

________-is the addictive drug in tobacco

A

nicotine

48
Q

________damage and destroy the small hairs lining the airways. These small hairs are used to clean your airways, and when destroyed, it leaves your lungs vulnerable to irritants and cancer causing chemicals.

A

Phenols

49
Q

What is TB?

A

Tuberculosis

50
Q

_______most commonly attacks the lungs, but can also affect the central nervous system, the lymphatic system, the circulatory system, the genitourinary system, bones, joints and even the skin.

A

Tuberculosis

51
Q

_____% of the cases are pulmonary TB

A

75

52
Q

What are some symptoms of TB?

A

chest pain, coughing up blood, and a productive, prolonged cough for more than three weeks

53
Q

How is TB spread?

A

aerosols

54
Q

What does CF stand for?

A

Cystic Fibrosis

55
Q

What is RDS?

A

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

56
Q

______occurs in newborns during the first few hours of life. Its characteristics – acute asphyxia with hypoxia and acidosis – can inhibit pulmonary surfactant production

A

RDS

57
Q

In adults RDS is called _______

A

ARDS or Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

58
Q

________an irreversible lung disease characterized by destruction of the alveoli, allows air to accumulate in organs and tissue

A

Emphysema

59
Q

________ is the oversecretion of thick mucus clogs the respiratory system

A

Cystic Fibrosis

60
Q

What are some “rescue” medications?

A

ventolin, bricanyl, berotec

61
Q

What are some “non-rescue” medications?

A

servent, oxeze

62
Q

What are some “controller” medications?

A

Flovent, Qvar, Pulmicort

63
Q

_______ are usually “controller” medications?

A

corticosteroids

Pharmacy INTRO (34 decks)

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