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Pharmacy INTRO > Aseptic > Flashcards

Aseptic Flashcards

1
Q

Microbiology is the study of very smallmicroorganisms, this includes:

A

Bacteria, Viruses, and Fungi

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2
Q

_______-have a nucleus, no cell wall

A

Eukaryotes

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3
Q

________do not have a nucleus but do have a cell wall

A

Prokaryotes

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4
Q

What shape are bacteria?

A

Various morphologies: cocci, bacilli, spirella

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5
Q

What surfaces do bacteria live on?

A

living and non-living

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6
Q

What is divide by binary fission (divide in two)?

A

bacteria

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7
Q

What inject themselves in to a living cell?

A

viruses

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8
Q

Can viruses be killed by antibiotics?

A

no

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9
Q

What is the smallest mircroorganism?

A

viruses

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10
Q

microorganisms cause disease by two basic mechanisms:

A

1) invasion of tissue and

2) production of toxins

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11
Q

_______defenses include both physiologic barriers and immunological responses.

A

host

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12
Q

Skin and mucous membranes provide the first line of defense through:

A

Mechanical factors: physical barrier to penetration.
Chemical factors: gastric acidity, unsaturated fatty acids, lysozyme.
Microbial factors: antagonism by normal flora.

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13
Q

________cells provide a secondary line of defense by consuming invaders and secreting substance that produce immune responses

A

phagocytic

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14
Q

_________are unicellular microorganisms having a variety of characteristics allowing their classification

A

bacteria

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15
Q

a _________Gram stain is often reported as “no organism seen.” This may mean that there is no bacterial infection present or that there were not enough bacteria present in the sample to be seen with the stain under a microscope.

A

negative

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16
Q

What colour is gram posative?

A

purple

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17
Q

What colour is gram negative?

A

pink

18
Q

________is an effective tool to help identify which antibiotic will be most effective to treat a bacterial infection

A

gram staining

19
Q

Microorganisms that normally reside at a given site and under normal circumstances do not cause disease

A

normal flora

20
Q

Antimicrobials can be classified by at least three different schemes:

A

Effects on cells
Range of activity
Sites of activity

21
Q

Antimicrobials can be divided into two classifications based upon their effects on target cells:

A

Bactericidal

Bacteriostatic

22
Q

Drugs that actually kill microorganisms are termed _________

A

bactericidal

23
Q

__________drugs will only kill cells that are actively growing.

A

bactericidal

24
Q

Drugs that only inhibit the growth of microorganisms are termed _________

A

bacteriostatic

25
Q

________drugs, in comparison, will only inhibit the growth of cells

A

bacteriostatic

26
Q

What are some signs of Staphylococcus?

A 
Aerobic
Gram positive, cocci
Cause boils, abcesses
They enter into the body through cuts 
Barely 10 percent of staph infections respond to penicillin
27
Q

What are some signs of Streptococcus?

A

Aerobic
Gram positive, cocci
Can cause pneumonia, scarlet fever
Antibiotics used to treat these severe infections include penicillin, erythromycin, and clindamycin.

28
Q

What are some signs of Bacillus?

A

Aerobic
Gram positive, rod shaped
Anthrax, TB and food poisoning

29
Q

What are some signs of E. Coli?

A

Normal flora of the intestine
Gram negative, rod shaped
Anaerobic
Causes food poisoning, urinary tract infections, and some pneumonia

30
Q

What are some signs of Pseudomonas?

A

Aerobic
Gram negative, rod shaped
Usually affects immunocompromised patients with TB, CF or AIDS
Causes antibiotic resistant pneumonia

31
Q

What are signs of Neisseria?

A

Aerobic
Gram negative, cocci
Gonorrhea, meningitis
Cephalosporins, quinolones, penicillins

32
Q

________is the branch of science that studies viruses and viral diseases

A

virology

33
Q

_______ is the scientific study of fungi

A

Mycology

34
Q

An organism that does not require oxygen to live is anaerobic. (ie normal bowel flora)

A

Anaerobic

35
Q

An organism that requires oxygen to live is aerobic

A

Aerobic

36
Q

Able to kill bacteria; e.g., serum has innate ability to kill many microorganisms

A

Bactericidal

37
Q

inhibiting the growth of bacteria typically used to describe antibiotics that inhibit bacterial growth without killing the bacteria. Bacteriostatic antibiotics suppress reproduction and growth of bacteria until the body’s immune system can kill the bacteria.

A

Bacteriostatic

38
Q

the study of factors influencing the occurrence, transmission, distribution, prevention and control of disease in a defined population

A

Epidemiology

39
Q

the cause or origin of a disease; the study of the cause(s) of disease

A

Etiology

40
Q

a worm-like intestinal parasite

A

Helminth

41
Q

A continuous flow of air passing through the HEPA filter eliminates _______% of all particles 0.3 microns in diameter or larger.

A

99.97%

Pharmacy INTRO (34 decks)

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