Aseptic Flashcards
Microbiology is the study of very smallmicroorganisms, this includes:
Bacteria, Viruses, and Fungi
_______-have a nucleus, no cell wall
Eukaryotes
________do not have a nucleus but do have a cell wall
Prokaryotes
What shape are bacteria?
Various morphologies: cocci, bacilli, spirella
What surfaces do bacteria live on?
living and non-living
What is divide by binary fission (divide in two)?
bacteria
What inject themselves in to a living cell?
viruses
Can viruses be killed by antibiotics?
no
What is the smallest mircroorganism?
viruses
microorganisms cause disease by two basic mechanisms:
1) invasion of tissue and
2) production of toxins
_______defenses include both physiologic barriers and immunological responses.
host
Skin and mucous membranes provide the first line of defense through:
Mechanical factors: physical barrier to penetration.
Chemical factors: gastric acidity, unsaturated fatty acids, lysozyme.
Microbial factors: antagonism by normal flora.
________cells provide a secondary line of defense by consuming invaders and secreting substance that produce immune responses
phagocytic
_________are unicellular microorganisms having a variety of characteristics allowing their classification
bacteria
a _________Gram stain is often reported as “no organism seen.” This may mean that there is no bacterial infection present or that there were not enough bacteria present in the sample to be seen with the stain under a microscope.
negative
What colour is gram posative?
purple
What colour is gram negative?
pink
________is an effective tool to help identify which antibiotic will be most effective to treat a bacterial infection
gram staining
Microorganisms that normally reside at a given site and under normal circumstances do not cause disease
normal flora
Antimicrobials can be classified by at least three different schemes:
Effects on cells
Range of activity
Sites of activity
Antimicrobials can be divided into two classifications based upon their effects on target cells:
Bactericidal
Bacteriostatic
Drugs that actually kill microorganisms are termed _________
bactericidal
__________drugs will only kill cells that are actively growing.
bactericidal
Drugs that only inhibit the growth of microorganisms are termed _________
bacteriostatic
________drugs, in comparison, will only inhibit the growth of cells
bacteriostatic
What are some signs of Staphylococcus?
Aerobic Gram positive, cocci Cause boils, abcesses They enter into the body through cuts Barely 10 percent of staph infections respond to penicillin
What are some signs of Streptococcus?
Aerobic
Gram positive, cocci
Can cause pneumonia, scarlet fever
Antibiotics used to treat these severe infections include penicillin, erythromycin, and clindamycin.
What are some signs of Bacillus?
Aerobic
Gram positive, rod shaped
Anthrax, TB and food poisoning
What are some signs of E. Coli?
Normal flora of the intestine
Gram negative, rod shaped
Anaerobic
Causes food poisoning, urinary tract infections, and some pneumonia
What are some signs of Pseudomonas?
Aerobic
Gram negative, rod shaped
Usually affects immunocompromised patients with TB, CF or AIDS
Causes antibiotic resistant pneumonia
What are signs of Neisseria?
Aerobic
Gram negative, cocci
Gonorrhea, meningitis
Cephalosporins, quinolones, penicillins
________is the branch of science that studies viruses and viral diseases
virology
_______ is the scientific study of fungi
Mycology
An organism that does not require oxygen to live is anaerobic. (ie normal bowel flora)
Anaerobic
An organism that requires oxygen to live is aerobic
Aerobic
Able to kill bacteria; e.g., serum has innate ability to kill many microorganisms
Bactericidal
inhibiting the growth of bacteria typically used to describe antibiotics that inhibit bacterial growth without killing the bacteria. Bacteriostatic antibiotics suppress reproduction and growth of bacteria until the body’s immune system can kill the bacteria.
Bacteriostatic
the study of factors influencing the occurrence, transmission, distribution, prevention and control of disease in a defined population
Epidemiology
the cause or origin of a disease; the study of the cause(s) of disease
Etiology
a worm-like intestinal parasite
Helminth
A continuous flow of air passing through the HEPA filter eliminates _______% of all particles 0.3 microns in diameter or larger.
99.97%
