Pharmacology III

Question 1

What types of seizures is Phenobarbital used to treat?

Answer 1

Simple and complex partial seizures; tonic clonic seizures (p.451)

Question 2

What types of seizures is Valproic acid used to treat?

Answer 2

Simple and complex partial seizures; first line for tonic clonic seizures, absence seizures (p.451)

Question 3

What type of seizures is Ethosuxamide used to treat?

Answer 3

First line for absence seizures (p.451)

Question 4

Which anti-epileptic drugs are used to treat absence seizures?

Answer 4

Ethosuxamide is first line; Valproic acid (p.451)

Question 5

What types of seizure disorders are benzodiazapines used to treat?

Answer 5

First line for acute status epilepticus (p.451)

Question 6

Which benzodiazapines are considered first line agents for treatment of stautus epilepticus?

Answer 6

Diazapam or lorazepam (p.451)

Question 7

What types of seizures is Tigabine used to treat?

Answer 7

Simple and complex partial seizures (p.451)

Question 8

What types of seizures is Vigabatrin used to treat?

Answer 8

Simple and complex partial seizures (p.451)

Question 9

What types of seizures is Levetiracetam used to treat?

Answer 9

Simple and complex partial seizures; tonic clonic seizures (p.451)

Question 10

What is the mechanism of action for Phenytoin?

Answer 10

Use dependent blockade of sodium channels and inhibition of glutamate release from excitatory presynaptic neuron (p.451,452)

Question 11

What is the mechanism of action for Carbamazepine?

Answer 11

Increase sodium channel inactivation (p.451)

Question 12

What is the mechanism of action for Lamotrigine?

Answer 12

Blocks voltage gated sodium channels (p.451)

Question 13

What is the mechanism of action for Gabapentin?

Answer 13

Designed as a GABA analogue but primarily inhibits high voltage activated calcium channels (p.451)

Question 14

What is the mechanism of action for Topiramate?

Answer 14

Blocks sodium channels and increases GABA action (p.451)

Question 15

What is the mechanism of action for Phenobarbital?

Answer 15

Increases GABA(a) action (p.451)

Question 16

What is the mechanism of action for Valproic Acid?

Answer 16

Increase sodium channel inactivation; increases GABA concentration (p.451)

Question 17

What is the mechanism of action for Ethosuxamide?

Answer 17

Blocks thalamic T-type Calcium channels (p.451)

Question 18

What is the mechanism of action for Benzodiazepines in treating status epilepticus?

Answer 18

Increases GABA(a) action (p.451)

Question 19

What is the mechanism of action for Tigabine?

Answer 19

Inhibits GABA reuptake (p.451)

Question 20

What is the mechanism of action for Vigabatrin?

Answer 20

Irreversibly inhibits GABA transaminase to increase GABA concentration (p.451)

Question 21

What is the mechanism of action for Levetiracetam?

Answer 21

Unknown mechanism (p.451)

Question 22

Which anti-epileptic drugs increase sodium channel inactivation as a mechanism of action?

Answer 22

Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Valproic acid (p.451)

Question 23

Which anti-epileptic drugs block voltage gated sodium channels as a mechanism of action?

Answer 23

Lamotrigine, Topiramate (p.451)

Question 24

What antiepileptic drug can be used parenterally?

Answer 24

Fosphenytoin (p.451)

Question 25

Which anti-epileptic drug is used as a first line drug for trigeminal neuralgia?

Answer 25

Carbamazepine (p.451)