Anatomy and Physiology III Flashcards
Where is Dopamine synthesized?
Ventral tegmentum and SNC of the midbrain (p.413)
Where is Ach synthesized?
Basal nucleus of Meynert (p.413)
Where is 5-HT synthesized?
Raphe nucleus of the pons (p.413)
Where is GABA synthesized?
Nucleus accumbens (p.413)
What feelings are processed by the Locus ceruleus?
Stress and panic (p.413)
What is the function of the Nucleus accumbens and septal nucleus?
Reward centre where pleasure, addiction, and fear is processed (p.413)
What three structures form the BBB?
Tight junctions between nonfenestrated capillary endothelial cells; the basement membrane; astrocyte foot processes (p.413)
How do glucose and amino acids cross the BBB?
Slowly, by a carrier mediated transport mechanism (p.413)
How do nonpolar/lipid soluble substances cross the BBB?
Rapidly via diffusion (p.413)
What specialized areas in the brain have fenestrated capillaries but no BBB?
Area postrema- vomiting after chemo; OVLT- osmotic sensing (p.413)
What specialized area in the brain hat no BBB and allows neurosecretory products to enter circulation?
The neurohypophysis (allows for ADH release, etc.) (p.413)
Name two other notable body barriers.
Blood-testis barrier; Maternal-fetal blood barrier of placenta (p.413)
What results from infarction/ neoplasm that destroys endothelial cell tight junctions?
Vasogenic edema (p.413)
What types of inputs and outputs permeate the BBB?
Hypothalamic inputs and outputs (p.413)
Name two functions of the BBB.
To prevent bacterial infection from spreading to the brain; to restrict drug delivery to the brain (p.413)
What is the myelination pattern of oligodendroglia?
Each oligodendrocyte myelinates multiple CNS axons (up to 50 each) (p.412)
How do oligodendroglia appear in nissl stains?
As small nuclei with dark chromatin and little cytoplasm (p.412)
What is the predominant glial cell type in white matter?
Oligodendroglia (p.412)
What type of CNS cells are destroyed in MS?
Oligodendrocytes (p.411)
How do oligodendroglia appear on H&E staining?
They look like fried eggs (p.412)
What is the myelination pattern of schwann cells?
Each schwann cell myelinates only 1 PNS axon (p.412)
What is the function of Schwann cells?
To myelinate PNS axons and to promote axonal regeneration (p.412)
What type of PNS cells are destroyed in Guillain-Barr̩ syndrome?
Schwann cells (p.412)
Name a common type of schwannoma.
Acoustic neuroma (p.412)
Where are acoustic neuromas typically located?
In the internal acoustic meatus (p.412)
