Anatomy and Physiology III

Question 1

Where is Dopamine synthesized?

Answer 1

Ventral tegmentum and SNC of the midbrain (p.413)

Question 2

Where is Ach synthesized?

Answer 2

Basal nucleus of Meynert (p.413)

Question 3

Where is 5-HT synthesized?

Answer 3

Raphe nucleus of the pons (p.413)

Question 4

Where is GABA synthesized?

Answer 4

Nucleus accumbens (p.413)

Question 5

What feelings are processed by the Locus ceruleus?

Answer 5

Stress and panic (p.413)

Question 6

What is the function of the Nucleus accumbens and septal nucleus?

Answer 6

Reward centre where pleasure, addiction, and fear is processed (p.413)

Question 7

What three structures form the BBB?

Answer 7

Tight junctions between nonfenestrated capillary endothelial cells; the basement membrane; astrocyte foot processes (p.413)

Question 8

How do glucose and amino acids cross the BBB?

Answer 8

Slowly, by a carrier mediated transport mechanism (p.413)

Question 9

How do nonpolar/lipid soluble substances cross the BBB?

Answer 9

Rapidly via diffusion (p.413)

Question 10

What specialized areas in the brain have fenestrated capillaries but no BBB?

Answer 10

Area postrema- vomiting after chemo; OVLT- osmotic sensing (p.413)

Question 11

What specialized area in the brain hat no BBB and allows neurosecretory products to enter circulation?

Answer 11

The neurohypophysis (allows for ADH release, etc.) (p.413)

Question 12

Name two other notable body barriers.

Answer 12

Blood-testis barrier; Maternal-fetal blood barrier of placenta (p.413)

Question 13

What results from infarction/ neoplasm that destroys endothelial cell tight junctions?

Answer 13

Vasogenic edema (p.413)

Question 14

What types of inputs and outputs permeate the BBB?

Answer 14

Hypothalamic inputs and outputs (p.413)

Question 15

Name two functions of the BBB.

Answer 15

To prevent bacterial infection from spreading to the brain; to restrict drug delivery to the brain (p.413)

Question 16

What is the myelination pattern of oligodendroglia?

Answer 16

Each oligodendrocyte myelinates multiple CNS axons (up to 50 each) (p.412)

Question 17

How do oligodendroglia appear in nissl stains?

Answer 17

As small nuclei with dark chromatin and little cytoplasm (p.412)

Question 18

What is the predominant glial cell type in white matter?

Answer 18

Oligodendroglia (p.412)

Question 19

What type of CNS cells are destroyed in MS?

Answer 19

Oligodendrocytes (p.411)

Question 20

How do oligodendroglia appear on H&E staining?

Answer 20

They look like fried eggs (p.412)

Question 21

What is the myelination pattern of schwann cells?

Answer 21

Each schwann cell myelinates only 1 PNS axon (p.412)

Question 22

What is the function of Schwann cells?

Answer 22

To myelinate PNS axons and to promote axonal regeneration (p.412)

Question 23

What type of PNS cells are destroyed in Guillain-Barr̩ syndrome?

Answer 23

Schwann cells (p.412)

Question 24

Name a common type of schwannoma.

Answer 24

Acoustic neuroma (p.412)

Question 25

Where are acoustic neuromas typically located?

Answer 25

In the internal acoustic meatus (p.412)