Anatomy and Physiology I Flashcards
From where are CNS neurons derived?
Neuroectoderm (p.411)
Where are ependymal cells located?
The inner lining of the ventricles (p.411)
What is the function of ependymal cells?
To make CSF (p.411)
From where are ependymal cells derived?
Neuroectoderm (p.411)
From where are oligodendroglia derived?
Neuroectoderm (p.411)
From where are astrocytes derived?
Neuroectoderm (p.411)
From where are PNS neurons derived?
Neural crest cells (p.411)
From where are Schwann cells derived?
Neural crest cells (p.411)
From where are microglia derived?
Mesoderm (p.411)
From where are macrophages derived?
Mesoderm (p.411)
Do neurons have a progenitor stem cell population?
No (p.411)
What part of the neuron receives input?
Dendrites (p.411)
What part of the neuron sends output?
Axons and celll bodies (p.411)
What stain can be used to detect dendrites and cell bodies?
Nissl substance stains RER and is used to detect dendrites and cell bodies (p.411)
Why is Nissl substance not used to detect axons?
RER is not present in the axon (p.411)
What happens when an axon is injured?
It undergoes Wallerian degeneration (p.411)
What is Wallerian degeneration?
Degeneration distal to the injury and axonal retraction proximal to injury (p.411)
What allows for potential regeneration of PNS axons?
Wallerian degeneration (p.411)
Name five functions of astrocytes.
Physical support; repair; K+ metabolism; Removal of excess neurotransmitter; maintenance of BBB; reactive gliosis in response to injury (p.411)
What marker can be used to detect astrocytes?
GFAP (p.411)
What are microglia?
CNS phagocytes and scavenger cells that respond to tissue damage by differentiating into large phagocytic cells (p.411)
Are microglia discernable by Nissl stain?
No (p.411)
Descrive the cell structure of microglia.
Small irregular nuclei with little cytoplasm (p.411)
What changes are seen in microglia infected by HIV?
Infected microglia fuse to form multinucleated giant cells in the CNS (p.411)
What is the function of myelin?
To increase velocity of signals transmitted down axons (p.411)
