Anatomy and Physiology I

Question 1

From where are CNS neurons derived?

Answer 1

Neuroectoderm (p.411)

Question 2

Where are ependymal cells located?

Answer 2

The inner lining of the ventricles (p.411)

Question 3

What is the function of ependymal cells?

Answer 3

To make CSF (p.411)

Question 4

From where are ependymal cells derived?

Answer 4

Neuroectoderm (p.411)

Question 5

From where are oligodendroglia derived?

Answer 5

Neuroectoderm (p.411)

Question 6

From where are astrocytes derived?

Answer 6

Neuroectoderm (p.411)

Question 7

From where are PNS neurons derived?

Answer 7

Neural crest cells (p.411)

Question 8

From where are Schwann cells derived?

Answer 8

Neural crest cells (p.411)

Question 9

From where are microglia derived?

Answer 9

Mesoderm (p.411)

Question 10

From where are macrophages derived?

Answer 10

Mesoderm (p.411)

Question 11

Do neurons have a progenitor stem cell population?

Answer 11

No (p.411)

Question 12

What part of the neuron receives input?

Answer 12

Dendrites (p.411)

Question 13

What part of the neuron sends output?

Answer 13

Axons and celll bodies (p.411)

Question 14

What stain can be used to detect dendrites and cell bodies?

Answer 14

Nissl substance stains RER and is used to detect dendrites and cell bodies (p.411)

Question 15

Why is Nissl substance not used to detect axons?

Answer 15

RER is not present in the axon (p.411)

Question 16

What happens when an axon is injured?

Answer 16

It undergoes Wallerian degeneration (p.411)

Question 17

What is Wallerian degeneration?

Answer 17

Degeneration distal to the injury and axonal retraction proximal to injury (p.411)

Question 18

What allows for potential regeneration of PNS axons?

Answer 18

Wallerian degeneration (p.411)

Question 19

Name five functions of astrocytes.

Answer 19

Physical support; repair; K+ metabolism; Removal of excess neurotransmitter; maintenance of BBB; reactive gliosis in response to injury (p.411)

Question 20

What marker can be used to detect astrocytes?

Answer 20

GFAP (p.411)

Question 21

What are microglia?

Answer 21

CNS phagocytes and scavenger cells that respond to tissue damage by differentiating into large phagocytic cells (p.411)

Question 22

Are microglia discernable by Nissl stain?

Answer 22

No (p.411)

Question 23

Descrive the cell structure of microglia.

Answer 23

Small irregular nuclei with little cytoplasm (p.411)

Question 24

What changes are seen in microglia infected by HIV?

Answer 24

Infected microglia fuse to form multinucleated giant cells in the CNS (p.411)

Question 25

What is the function of myelin?

Answer 25

To increase velocity of signals transmitted down axons (p.411)