Anatomy and Physiology XVIII

Question 1

What nerve root is tested by the triceps reflex?

Answer 1

C7 nerve root (C7, C8 nerves) (p.432)

Question 2

What nerve root is tested by the patellar reflex?

Answer 2

L4 nerve root (L3, L4 nerves) (p.432)

Question 3

What nerve root is tested by the achilles reflex?

Answer 3

S1 nerve root (S1, S2 nerves) (p.432)

Question 4

What is the Babinski reflex?

Answer 4

Dorsiflexion of the big toe and fanning of other toes (p.432)

Question 5

When is the Babinski reflex normal and when is it abnormal?

Answer 5

Normal in babies within the first year of life; abnormal in UMN lesion (p.432)

Question 6

What is a primative reflex?

Answer 6

CNS reflexes that are present in a healthy infant but are absent in the neurologically intact adult. They normall disappear within the first year of life (p.432)

Question 7

What inhibits primative reflexes?

Answer 7

Mature and developing frontal lobes suppress primative reflexes (p.432)

Question 8

In what type of brain lesion may primative reflexes reoccur?

Answer 8

Frontal lobe lesions may cause loss of inhibition of these reflexes (p.432)

Question 9

Name the six primative reflexes.

Answer 9

Moro reflex, rooting reflex, sucking reflex, palmar reflex, plantar reflex, galant reflex (p.432)

Question 10

What is the moro reflex?

Answer 10

Hang on for life reflex - abduction/extension of limbs when startled followed by drawing limbs together (p.432)

Question 11

What is the rooting reflex?

Answer 11

Movement of head towards one side if the cheek or mouth is stroked. Form of nipple seeking (p.432)

Question 12

What is the sucking reflex?

Answer 12

Sucking response when roof of mouth is touched (p.432)

Question 13

What is the palmar reflex?

Answer 13

Curling of fingers if palm is stroked (p.432)

Question 14

What is the plantar reflex?

Answer 14

Dorsiflexion of large toe and fanning of other toes with plantar stimulation (p.432)

Question 15

What is Babinski’s sign?

Answer 15

Presence of plantar reflex in an adult (may signify UMN lesion) (p.432)

Question 16

What is the galant reflex?

Answer 16

Stroking along one side of the spine while the newborn is in ventral suspension (face down) causes lateral flexion of the lower body towards the stimulated side (p.432)

Question 17

Which cranial nerves lie medially at the brainstem?

Answer 17

CN III, CN VI, CN XII (p.432)

Question 18

Describe the pathway of the 3-neuron oculosympathetic pathway from the hypothalamus.

Answer 18

Hypothalamus –> intermediolateral column of the spinal cord –> Superior cervical (sympathetic) ganglion –> pupil, smooth muscle of the eyelids, sweat glands of forehead and face (p.431)

Question 19

What results from interruption to the 3-neuron oculosympathetic pathway?

Answer 19

Horner’s syndrome (p.431)

Question 20

Describe the C2 dermatome.

Answer 20

Posterior half of the skull; like a cap (p.431)

Question 21

Describe the C3 dermatome.

Answer 21

High turtleneck shirt (p.431)

Question 22

Describe the C4 dermatome.

Answer 22

Low collar shirt (p.431)

Question 23

Describe the T4 dermatome.

Answer 23

Nipple line (p.431)

Question 24

Describe the T7 dermatome.

Answer 24

Xiphoid process (p.431)

Question 25

Describe the T10 dermatome.

Answer 25

At the umbilicus (p.431)