Anatomy and Physiology II Flashcards
Where does saltatory conduction occur?
Between nodes of Ranvier where there are high concentrations of Na+ channels (p.411)
What cell types are responsible for myelination of the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes (p.411)
What cell types are responsible for myelination of the PNS?
Schwann cells (p.411)
Name two types of free nerve endings.
C and Adelta (p.412)
Where are free nerve endings located?
All skin, epidermis, some viscera (p.412)
What do free nerve endings sense?
Pain and temperature (p.412)
What are C fibers?
Free nerve endings that are slow, unmyelinated fibers (p.412)
What are Adelta fibers?
Free nerve endings that are fast myelinated fibers (p.412)
What are meissner’s corpsucles?
Large, myelinated fibers that adapt quickly (p.412)
Where are meissner’s corpsulces located?
In glabrous (hairless) skin (p.412)
What do meissner’s corpsucles sense?
Dynamic, fine/light tough; position sense (p.412)
What are Pacinian corpsucles?
Large myelinated fibers (p.412)
Where are Pacinian corpsucles found?
In deep skin layers, ligaments, and joints (p.412)
What do Pacinian corpsucles sense?
Vibration and pressure (p.412)
What are Merkel’s disks?
Large, myelinated fibers that adapt slowly (p.412)
In what three pathologic states do Ach levels change and how do they change?
Decrease in alzheimers; Decrease in Huntington’s; Increase in REM sleep (p.413)
In what two pathologic states do GABA levels change and how do they change?
Decrease in anxiety; Decrease in Huntingtons (p.413)
What neurotransmitters are affected in Anxiety and how are they affected?
Increased NE; Decreased Ach; Decreased GABA (p.413)
What neurotransmitters are affected in Depression and how are they affected?
Decreased NE; Decreased Dopamine; Decreased 5-HT (p.413)
What neurotransmitter is affected in Schizophrenia and how is it affected?
Increased Dopamine (p.413)
What neurotransmitter is affected in Parkinsons and how is it affected?
Decreased Dopamine (p.413)
What neurotransmitter is affected in REM Sleep and how is it affected?
Increased Ach (p.413)
What neurotransmitters are affected in Huntington’s Disease and how are they affected?
Decreased GABA; Decreased Ach (p.413)
What neurotransmitter is affected in Alzheimer’s disease and how is it affected?
Decreased Ach (p.413)
Where is NE synthesized?
Locus ceruleus of the pons (p.413)
