Anatomy and Physiology II

Question 1

Where does saltatory conduction occur?

Answer 1

Between nodes of Ranvier where there are high concentrations of Na+ channels (p.411)

Question 2

What cell types are responsible for myelination of the CNS?

Answer 2

Oligodendrocytes (p.411)

Question 3

What cell types are responsible for myelination of the PNS?

Answer 3

Schwann cells (p.411)

Question 4

Name two types of free nerve endings.

Answer 4

C and Adelta (p.412)

Question 5

Where are free nerve endings located?

Answer 5

All skin, epidermis, some viscera (p.412)

Question 6

What do free nerve endings sense?

Answer 6

Pain and temperature (p.412)

Question 7

What are C fibers?

Answer 7

Free nerve endings that are slow, unmyelinated fibers (p.412)

Question 8

What are Adelta fibers?

Answer 8

Free nerve endings that are fast myelinated fibers (p.412)

Question 9

What are meissner’s corpsucles?

Answer 9

Large, myelinated fibers that adapt quickly (p.412)

Question 10

Where are meissner’s corpsulces located?

Answer 10

In glabrous (hairless) skin (p.412)

Question 11

What do meissner’s corpsucles sense?

Answer 11

Dynamic, fine/light tough; position sense (p.412)

Question 12

What are Pacinian corpsucles?

Answer 12

Large myelinated fibers (p.412)

Question 13

Where are Pacinian corpsucles found?

Answer 13

In deep skin layers, ligaments, and joints (p.412)

Question 14

What do Pacinian corpsucles sense?

Answer 14

Vibration and pressure (p.412)

Question 15

What are Merkel’s disks?

Answer 15

Large, myelinated fibers that adapt slowly (p.412)

Question 16

In what three pathologic states do Ach levels change and how do they change?

Answer 16

Decrease in alzheimers; Decrease in Huntington’s; Increase in REM sleep (p.413)

Question 17

In what two pathologic states do GABA levels change and how do they change?

Answer 17

Decrease in anxiety; Decrease in Huntingtons (p.413)

Question 18

What neurotransmitters are affected in Anxiety and how are they affected?

Answer 18

Increased NE; Decreased Ach; Decreased GABA (p.413)

Question 19

What neurotransmitters are affected in Depression and how are they affected?

Answer 19

Decreased NE; Decreased Dopamine; Decreased 5-HT (p.413)

Question 20

What neurotransmitter is affected in Schizophrenia and how is it affected?

Answer 20

Increased Dopamine (p.413)

Question 21

What neurotransmitter is affected in Parkinsons and how is it affected?

Answer 21

Decreased Dopamine (p.413)

Question 22

What neurotransmitter is affected in REM Sleep and how is it affected?

Answer 22

Increased Ach (p.413)

Question 23

What neurotransmitters are affected in Huntington’s Disease and how are they affected?

Answer 23

Decreased GABA; Decreased Ach (p.413)

Question 24

What neurotransmitter is affected in Alzheimer’s disease and how is it affected?

Answer 24

Decreased Ach (p.413)

Question 25

Where is NE synthesized?

Answer 25

Locus ceruleus of the pons (p.413)