Pathology III

Question 1

What functions may be altered in a simple partial seizure?

Answer 1

Motor, sensory, autonomic, psychic functions (p. 445)

Question 2

What is epilepsy?

Answer 2

A disorder or recurrent seizures (p. 445)

Question 3

Are febrile seizures epilepsy?

Answer 3

No (p. 445)

Question 4

What is status epilepticus?

Answer 4

A continuous seizure lasting over 30 minutes or recurrent seizures without regaining consciousness between seizures for greater than 30 minutes. This is a medical emergency (p. 445)

Question 5

Name five causes of seizures in children.

Answer 5

Genetic, infection (febrile), trauma, congenital, metabolic (p. 445)

Question 6

Name four causes of seizures in adults.

Answer 6

Tumors, trauma, stroke, infection (p. 445)

Question 7

Name five causes of stroke in the elderly.

Answer 7

Stroke, tumor, trauma, metabolic, infection (p. 445)

Question 8

What is a generalized seizure?

Answer 8

A diffuse seizure (p. 445)

Question 9

Name five types of generalized seizures.

Answer 9

Absence, myoclonic, tonic-clonic, tonic, atonic (p. 445)

Question 10

What characterizes an absence (petit mal) seizure?

Answer 10

EEG waves at 3 Hz; No postictal confusion, blank stare (p. 445)

Question 11

What characterizes a myoclonic seizure?

Answer 11

Quick, repetitive jerks (p. 445)

Question 12

What characterizes a tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizure?

Answer 12

Alternating stiffening and movement (p. 445)

Question 13

What characterizes a tonic seizure?

Answer 13

Stiffening (p. 445)

Question 14

What characterizes an atonic seizure?

Answer 14

Drop seizures; fall to the floor; commonly mistaken for fainting (p. 445)

Question 15

What type of seizure is called a grand-mal seizure? Petite mal seizure?

Answer 15

Grand mal- tonic clonic; petite mal- absence seizure (p. 445)

Question 16

How is the pain of headaches caused?

Answer 16

Pain due to irritation of structures such as the dura, cranial nerves, or extracranial structures (p.446)

Question 17

Describe the localization of cluster headaches.

Answer 17

Unilateral (p.446)

Question 18

Describe the localization of tension headaches.

Answer 18

Bilateral (p.446)

Question 19

Describe the localization of migraine headaches.

Answer 19

Unilateral (p.446)

Question 20

What is the typical duration of cluster headaches?

Answer 20

15 minutes to 3 hours; repetitive (p.446)

Question 21

What is the typical duration of tension headaches?

Answer 21

Greater than 30 minutes (typically 4-6 hours); constant (p.446)

Question 22

What is the typical duration of migraine headaches?

Answer 22

4-72 hours (p.446)

Question 23

Describe the symptoms/ pain associated with cluster headaches.

Answer 23

Repetitive brief headaches with excruciating periorbital pain with lacrimation and rhinorrhea (p.446)

Question 24

What syndrome may be induced by cluster headahes?

Answer 24

Horner’s syndrome (p.446)

Question 25

What demographic group is more likely to get cluster headaches?

Answer 25

Males (p.446)