Pathology III Flashcards
What functions may be altered in a simple partial seizure?
Motor, sensory, autonomic, psychic functions (p. 445)
What is epilepsy?
A disorder or recurrent seizures (p. 445)
Are febrile seizures epilepsy?
No (p. 445)
What is status epilepticus?
A continuous seizure lasting over 30 minutes or recurrent seizures without regaining consciousness between seizures for greater than 30 minutes. This is a medical emergency (p. 445)
Name five causes of seizures in children.
Genetic, infection (febrile), trauma, congenital, metabolic (p. 445)
Name four causes of seizures in adults.
Tumors, trauma, stroke, infection (p. 445)
Name five causes of stroke in the elderly.
Stroke, tumor, trauma, metabolic, infection (p. 445)
What is a generalized seizure?
A diffuse seizure (p. 445)
Name five types of generalized seizures.
Absence, myoclonic, tonic-clonic, tonic, atonic (p. 445)
What characterizes an absence (petit mal) seizure?
EEG waves at 3 Hz; No postictal confusion, blank stare (p. 445)
What characterizes a myoclonic seizure?
Quick, repetitive jerks (p. 445)
What characterizes a tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizure?
Alternating stiffening and movement (p. 445)
What characterizes a tonic seizure?
Stiffening (p. 445)
What characterizes an atonic seizure?
Drop seizures; fall to the floor; commonly mistaken for fainting (p. 445)
What type of seizure is called a grand-mal seizure? Petite mal seizure?
Grand mal- tonic clonic; petite mal- absence seizure (p. 445)
How is the pain of headaches caused?
Pain due to irritation of structures such as the dura, cranial nerves, or extracranial structures (p.446)
Describe the localization of cluster headaches.
Unilateral (p.446)
Describe the localization of tension headaches.
Bilateral (p.446)
Describe the localization of migraine headaches.
Unilateral (p.446)
What is the typical duration of cluster headaches?
15 minutes to 3 hours; repetitive (p.446)
What is the typical duration of tension headaches?
Greater than 30 minutes (typically 4-6 hours); constant (p.446)
What is the typical duration of migraine headaches?
4-72 hours (p.446)
Describe the symptoms/ pain associated with cluster headaches.
Repetitive brief headaches with excruciating periorbital pain with lacrimation and rhinorrhea (p.446)
What syndrome may be induced by cluster headahes?
Horner’s syndrome (p.446)
What demographic group is more likely to get cluster headaches?
Males (p.446)
