Embryology III

Question 1

What is a Chiari II (Arnold-Chiari malformation)?

Answer 1

Significant cerebellar tonsillar and vermian herniation through the foramen magnum with aqueductal stenosis and hydrocephalus (p.409)

Question 2

What are two clinical findings in a patient with a Chiari II malformation?

Answer 2

Thoraco-lumbar myelomeningocele and paralysis below the defect (p.409)

Question 3

What is a dandy walker malformation?

Answer 3

Agenesis of the cerebellar vermis with cystic enlargement of the fourth ventricle (which fills the posterior fossa) (p.409)

Question 4

What is Dandy Walker malformation associated with?

Answer 4

Hydrocephalus and spina bifida (p.409)

Question 5

What is syringomyelia?

Answer 5

Cystic enlargement of central canal of the spinal cord (p.410)

Question 6

What spinal cord fibers are typically damaged first in syringomyelia?

Answer 6

Crossing fibers of the spinothalamic tract (p.410)

Question 7

What are the clinical symptoms associated with syringomyelia?

Answer 7

Cape-like bilateral loss of pain and temperature in the upper extremities; fine touch sensation is preserved (p.410)

Question 8

What condition is syringomyelia associated with?

Answer 8

Chiari I malformation (with greater than 3-5mm cerebellar tonsillar ectopia) (p.410)

Question 9

What is the most common site for syringomyelia?

Answer 9

C8-T1 (p.410)

Question 10

From where is the anterior 2/3 of the tongue derived?

Answer 10

The first branchial arch (p.410)

Question 11

What nerve provides sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 11

CN V3 (p.410)

Question 12

What nerve provides taste sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 12

CN VII (p.410)

Question 13

From where is the posterior 1/3 of the tongue derived?

Answer 13

3rd and 4th branchial arches (p.410)

Question 14

What nerve provides taste and sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Answer 14

CN IX (p.410)

Question 15

What nerve provides taste and sensation to the extreme posterior of the tongue?

Answer 15

CN X (p.410)

Question 16

What nerve provides motor innervation of the tongue?

Answer 16

CN XII (p.410)

Question 17

From where are the muscles of the tongue derived?

Answer 17

From occipital myotomes (p.410)

Question 18

What cranial nerves contribute to taste sensation?

Answer 18

CN VII, IX, X (p.410)

Question 19

What cranial nerves contribute to pain of the tongue?

Answer 19

CN V3, IX, X (p.410)

Question 20

What nucleus is responsible for taste sensation?

Answer 20

Solitary nucleus (p.410)