Pharmacology - Elderly Pharmacology - Sharon Brangman

Question 1

T/F: The bioavailability of a drug does not change as we get older.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Lower body water means what for drug distribution in the elderly?

Answer 2

Lower Vd for hydrophilic drugs

Question 3

Higher fat stores mean what for drug distribution in the elderly?

Answer 3

Higher Vd for lipophilic drugs

Question 4

Metabolic clearance of a drug by the liver may be reduced in the elderly because

Answer 4

aging decreases liver blood flow, size, and mass

Question 5

Drugs from what phase are preferred for use in the elderly?

Answer 5

Phase II

Question 6

Hepatic congestion from heart failure reduced the metabolism of what drug?

Answer 6

Warfarin

Question 7

Smoking increases the clearance of what drug?

Answer 7

Theophylline

Question 8

oxazepam is metabolized faster in older:

Answer 8

Men than older women

Question 9

nefazodone concentrations are 50% higher in older:

Answer 9

women than younger women

Question 10

In older adults, creatinine stays in the normal range, masking changes in what?

Answer 10

Creatinine clearance

Question 11

Why do Benzodiazepines cause more sedation and poorer psychomotor performance in older adults?

Answer 11

Likely caused by reduced clearance of the drug and resultant higher plasma level

Question 12

Confusion in the elderly should be considered what before dementia?

Answer 12

Drug interactions

Question 13

What kinds of drugs are most responsible for causing ADEs in the elederly?

Answer 13

Cardiovascular drugs;

Psychotropics

Question 14

What are the most common adverse effects of drug-drug interactions in the elderly?

Answer 14

Confusion
Cognitive impairment
Arterial hypotension
Acute renal failure

Question 15

An ACEi and a diuretic together can cause what ADE?

Answer 15

Hypotension

Hyperkalemia

Question 16

An ACEi and potassium together can cause what ADE?

Answer 16

Hyperkalemia

Question 17

An antiarryythmic and a diuretic together can cause what ADE?

Answer 17

Electrolyte imbalance;

Arrhythmia

Question 18

A benzodiazepine, an antidepressant, antipsychotic together can cause what ADE?

Answer 18

Confusion
Sedation
Falls

Question 19

A calcium channel blocker and a diuretic or nitrate together can cause what ADE?

Answer 19

Hypotension

Question 20

Digitalis and an antiarrhythmic together can cause what ADE?

Answer 20

Bradycardia

Arrhythmia

Question 21

What are the best drugs to avoid in the elderly according to the Beers Criteria?

Answer 21

Benzodiazepines
Megestrol
Metclopramide
Non-cox NSAIDs
Nitrofurantoin
Antipsychotics
Insulin, sliding scale
Chloropropamide
Glyburide