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MS 2 - Unit 6 > Microbiology - GI Parasites - James L. Vossler > Flashcards

Microbiology - GI Parasites - James L. Vossler Flashcards

1
Q

How is giardia transmitted?

A

Cysts!

Fecal-oral

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2
Q

What is the diagnostic test for giardia?

A

Trophozoites in the stool
Stool O&P test
ELISA stool antigen test

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3
Q

How is giardiasis treated?

A

Metronidazole

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of giardiasis?

A

Steatorrhea

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5
Q

How is entaemoeba histolytica transmitted?

A

Contaminated water, cysts

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6
Q

What is one patient population to be concerned about w/r/t Entaemoeba histolytica?

A

MSM bc of anal-oral transmission

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7
Q

What is the most common site for an amoebic liver abscess?

A

Right lobe of lover

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8
Q

What parasite causes RUQ pain and an enlarged tender liver?

A

Entaemoeba histolytica

Abscess described as having “anchovy paste” consistency

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9
Q

What is intestinal amebiasis?

A

Ulcerations in colon caused by Entaemoeba histolytica;

Causes bloody diarrhea

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10
Q

How is Entaemoeba histolytica diagnosed?

A

Stool O&P to look for trophozoites or cysts
Trophozoites have endocytosed RBCs
Intestinal biopsy may show flask-shaped lesions

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11
Q

How is Entaemoeba histolytica treated?

A

Metronidazole;

Luminal agents - Paramycin and Lodoqional - to eliminate cysts

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12
Q

In what population does Cryptosporidium cause severe, unrelenting diarrhea?

A

AIDS patients

In immunocompetent - causes mild, watery diarrhea

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13
Q

What is unique about Cryptosporidium as a parasite w/r/t staining?

A

It is partially acid-fast;

Looks like amethyst crytsals

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14
Q

What is the mode of transmission of Cryptosporidium?

A

Fecal oral, dirty water;

Infectious cysts get passed through watery stool

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15
Q

How does Cryptosporidium infect?

A

Sporozoites attach to intenstinal wall and cause diarrhea and small intestine damage

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16
Q

What is the treatment for Cryptosporidium?

A

Nitazoxanide treatment;

Spiramycin (not in US)

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17
Q

Why is filtration of water a better option for removing Crypto?

A

Because Crypto is resistant to chlorination

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18
Q

Enterobius vermicularis is aka:

A

Pinworm

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19
Q

How is Enterobius vermicularis transmitted?

A

Fecal oral

Buttscratchers, children

20
Q

How is Enterobius vermicularis treated?

A

Albendazole
A MT inhibitor
Do not give to pregnant women

21
Q

Where are Ancyclostoma duodenale and Necator americanus found?

A

Southern U.S.

Hookworms

22
Q

How are Ancyclostoma duodenale and Necator americanus transmitted?

A

Through the soles of the feet

Blood stream –> lungs –> GI tract

23
Q

What is one major effect on infection with Ancyclostoma duodenale and Necator americanus?

A

Iron deficiency anemia

24
Q

How do you diagnose infection with Ancyclostoma duodenale and Necator americanus?

A

Eosinophilia;

Eggs in stool

25
Q

How is infection with Ancyclostoma duodenale and Necator americanus treated?

A

Albendazole (A MT inhibitor
Do not give to pregnant women);
Pyrantel pamoate

26
Q

What kind of parasite is Ascaris lumbricoides?

A

Roundworm

Blood stream –> lungs –> GI tract

27
Q

Of the parasites that travel into the lungs, which is the most likely to have respiratory symptoms attached to it?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

28
Q

What is the major complication of infection with Ascaris lumbricoides?

A

GI obstruction

29
Q

How is infection with Ascaris lumbricoides diagnosed?

A

Eosinophilia, eggs in stool

30
Q

How is infection with Ascaris lumbricoides treated?

A

Albendazole
A MT inhibitor
Do not give to pregnant women

31
Q

How is Strongyloides Stercoralis transmitted?

A

Feet, an also auto-infect once in intestinal wall;

Blood stream –> lungs –> GI tract

32
Q

How is infection with Strongyloides Stercoralis diagnosed?

A

Larvae in stool, but not eggs;

Eosinophilia

33
Q

How is Strongyloides Stercoralis treated?

A

Albendazole (A MT inhibitor
Do not give to pregnant women);
Ivermectin

34
Q

Where is Trichinella spiralis found?

A

Undercooked meat like pork or bear

35
Q

What are the symptoms of infection with Trichinella spiralis?

A

Fever, vomiting, periorbital edema, severe myalgias due to larvae forming cysts in striated muscle cells

36
Q

How is Trichinella spiralis treated?

A

Albendazole
A MT inhibitor
Do not give to pregnant women

37
Q

What is the common name for Taenia saginana?

A

Beef tapeworm

38
Q

What is the common name for Taenia Solium?

A

Pig tapeworm

39
Q

What parasite is responsible for neurocysticercosis?

A

Taenia eggs transmitted by water contaminated by animal feces

40
Q

What are the symptoms/findings in neurocysticercosis?

A

Swiss cheese looking brain;
Seizures;
Hydrocephalus

41
Q

How do you treat infection with Taenia species?

A

Praziquantel;

Add Albendazole for neurocystercersosis

42
Q

What is the transmission for Diphyllobothrium latum?

A

Eating uncooked or undercooked fish

43
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum is associated with diarrhea, due to its setting up shop in the intestine, as well as what deficiency?

A 
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)
Megaloblastic anemia
44
Q

What is the longest tapeworm?

A

Diphyllobothrium latum (fish)

45
Q

How is infection with Diphyllobothrium latum diagnosed?

A

Proglottid segments seen on stool O&P

46
Q

How is infection with Diphyllobothrium latum treated?

A

Praziquantal

Niclosamide

MS 2 - Unit 6 (34 decks)

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