Microbiology - GI Parasites - James L. Vossler

Question 1

How is giardia transmitted?

Answer 1

Cysts!

Fecal-oral

Question 2

What is the diagnostic test for giardia?

Answer 2

Trophozoites in the stool
Stool O&P test
ELISA stool antigen test

Question 3

How is giardiasis treated?

Answer 3

Metronidazole

Question 4

What are the symptoms of giardiasis?

Answer 4

Steatorrhea

Question 5

How is entaemoeba histolytica transmitted?

Answer 5

Contaminated water, cysts

Question 6

What is one patient population to be concerned about w/r/t Entaemoeba histolytica?

Answer 6

MSM bc of anal-oral transmission

Question 7

What is the most common site for an amoebic liver abscess?

Answer 7

Right lobe of lover

Question 8

What parasite causes RUQ pain and an enlarged tender liver?

Answer 8

Entaemoeba histolytica

Abscess described as having “anchovy paste” consistency

Question 9

What is intestinal amebiasis?

Answer 9

Ulcerations in colon caused by Entaemoeba histolytica;

Causes bloody diarrhea

Question 10

How is Entaemoeba histolytica diagnosed?

Answer 10

Stool O&P to look for trophozoites or cysts
Trophozoites have endocytosed RBCs
Intestinal biopsy may show flask-shaped lesions

Question 11

How is Entaemoeba histolytica treated?

Answer 11

Metronidazole;

Luminal agents - Paramycin and Lodoqional - to eliminate cysts

Question 12

In what population does Cryptosporidium cause severe, unrelenting diarrhea?

Answer 12

AIDS patients

In immunocompetent - causes mild, watery diarrhea

Question 13

What is unique about Cryptosporidium as a parasite w/r/t staining?

Answer 13

It is partially acid-fast;

Looks like amethyst crytsals

Question 14

What is the mode of transmission of Cryptosporidium?

Answer 14

Fecal oral, dirty water;

Infectious cysts get passed through watery stool

Question 15

How does Cryptosporidium infect?

Answer 15

Sporozoites attach to intenstinal wall and cause diarrhea and small intestine damage

Question 16

What is the treatment for Cryptosporidium?

Answer 16

Nitazoxanide treatment;

Spiramycin (not in US)

Question 17

Why is filtration of water a better option for removing Crypto?

Answer 17

Because Crypto is resistant to chlorination

Question 18

Enterobius vermicularis is aka:

Answer 18

Pinworm

Question 19

How is Enterobius vermicularis transmitted?

Answer 19

Fecal oral

Buttscratchers, children

Question 20

How is Enterobius vermicularis treated?

Answer 20

Albendazole
A MT inhibitor
Do not give to pregnant women

Question 21

Where are Ancyclostoma duodenale and Necator americanus found?

Answer 21

Southern U.S.

Hookworms

Question 22

How are Ancyclostoma duodenale and Necator americanus transmitted?

Answer 22

Through the soles of the feet

Blood stream –> lungs –> GI tract

Question 23

What is one major effect on infection with Ancyclostoma duodenale and Necator americanus?

Answer 23

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 24

How do you diagnose infection with Ancyclostoma duodenale and Necator americanus?

Answer 24

Eosinophilia;

Eggs in stool

Question 25

How is infection with Ancyclostoma duodenale and Necator americanus treated?

Answer 25

Albendazole (A MT inhibitor Do not give to pregnant women); Pyrantel pamoate

Question 26

What kind of parasite is Ascaris lumbricoides?

Answer 26

Roundworm | Blood stream --> lungs --> GI tract

Question 27

Of the parasites that travel into the lungs, which is the most likely to have respiratory symptoms attached to it?

Answer 27

Ascaris lumbricoides

Question 28

What is the major complication of infection with Ascaris lumbricoides?

Answer 28

GI obstruction

Question 29

How is infection with Ascaris lumbricoides diagnosed?

Answer 29

Eosinophilia, eggs in stool

Question 30

How is infection with Ascaris lumbricoides treated?

Answer 30

Albendazole A MT inhibitor Do not give to pregnant women

Question 31

How is Strongyloides Stercoralis transmitted?

Answer 31

Feet, an also auto-infect once in intestinal wall; | Blood stream --> lungs --> GI tract

Question 32

How is infection with Strongyloides Stercoralis diagnosed?

Answer 32

Larvae in stool, but not eggs; | Eosinophilia

Question 33

How is Strongyloides Stercoralis treated?

Answer 33

Albendazole (A MT inhibitor Do not give to pregnant women); Ivermectin

Question 34

Where is Trichinella spiralis found?

Answer 34

Undercooked meat like pork or bear

Question 35

What are the symptoms of infection with Trichinella spiralis?

Answer 35

Fever, vomiting, periorbital edema, severe myalgias due to larvae forming cysts in striated muscle cells

Question 36

How is Trichinella spiralis treated?

Answer 36

Albendazole A MT inhibitor Do not give to pregnant women

Question 37

What is the common name for Taenia saginana?

Answer 37

Beef tapeworm

Question 38

What is the common name for Taenia Solium?

Answer 38

Pig tapeworm

Question 39

What parasite is responsible for neurocysticercosis?

Answer 39

Taenia eggs transmitted by water contaminated by animal feces

Question 40

What are the symptoms/findings in neurocysticercosis?

Answer 40

Swiss cheese looking brain; Seizures; Hydrocephalus

Question 41

How do you treat infection with Taenia species?

Answer 41

Praziquantel; | Add Albendazole for neurocystercersosis

Question 42

What is the transmission for Diphyllobothrium latum?

Answer 42

Eating uncooked or undercooked fish

Question 43

Diphyllobothrium latum is associated with diarrhea, due to its setting up shop in the intestine, as well as what deficiency?

Answer 43

``` Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) Megaloblastic anemia ```

Question 44

What is the longest tapeworm?

Answer 44

Diphyllobothrium latum (fish)

Question 45

How is infection with Diphyllobothrium latum diagnosed?

Answer 45

Proglottid segments seen on stool O&P

Question 46

How is infection with Diphyllobothrium latum treated?

Answer 46

Praziquantal | Niclosamide