Pharmacology

Question 1

The effect on body of drugs is called

Answer 1

Pharmacodynamics

Question 2

The body’s effect on drugs is called

Answer 2

Pharmacokinetics

Question 3

How long does it take for tolerance to drugs to develop?

Answer 3

Weeks usually- slower

Question 4

How long does desensitisation take to occur? What is the alternative name for it?

Answer 4

Within minutes

Also called tachphylaxis

Question 5

What causes tolerance to occur?

Answer 5

• Increased metabolism speed (alcohol)
• Receptor damage
• Homeostatic mechanisms decrease the effect of it (opioid)

Question 6

Which organ excretes most drugs?

Answer 6

Kidney

Question 7

What occurs in Phase 1 of drug metabolism?

Answer 7

Biotransformation: Polarised by addition of a functional group, usually oxidation with the enzyme Cytochrome p450 or reduction (methadone) or hydrolysis (aspirin)

Question 8

Name some drugs oxidised by Cytochrome p450

Answer 8

Propanolol
Phenytoin
Warfarin
Amphetamine
Morphine
Adrenaline

Question 9

What happens in Phase 2 of drug metabolism?

Answer 9

Addition of a endogenous group like acetyl, methyl etc to make them hydrophilic in the LIVER

Question 10

Which drugs induce Cytochrome p450 (increasing activity?

Answer 10

Antiepileptics: Phenytoin, Carbamazepine
Phenobarbitone
Rifampicin
St John's Wort
Chronic alcohol intake
Smoking

Question 11

What are inhibitors of the Cytochrome p450 system? (decreasing activity)

Answer 11

Antibiotics: Ciprofloxacin, Erythromycin, Isoniazid
Cimetidine
Omeprazole
Amiodarone
Allopurinol
Fluconazole
SSRIs: Fluoxetine, Sertraline
Sodium valproate
Acute alcohol intake