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Pharma > Anticoagulants > Flashcards

Anticoagulants Flashcards

1
Q

How do venous thrombus form?

A

Fibrin web with platelets and RBCs caught in it

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2
Q

How do you treat VTE?

A

Anticoagulants: Heparins and Warfarin and Dabigatran

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3
Q

How do arterial thrombus form?

A

Atheroschlerosis and activated platelets due to collagen

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4
Q

How are arterial thrombus treated?

A

Antiplatelet: Aspirin, Clopidogrel and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists

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5
Q

Why are LMWH given over heparin itself?

A

Longer half life so less monitoring needed

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Heparin?

A

Inactivated THROMBIN and factor Xa

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7
Q

When is heparin given most?

A

Post op to prevent DVT

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8
Q

What are side effects of heparin?

A

Bleeding

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9
Q

What is fondaparineux?

A

Synthetic factor Xa inhibitor

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10
Q

What is Warfarins mechanism of action?

A

Prevents the synthesis of vitamin K depedent clotting factors

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11
Q

Which clotting factors are affected by Warfarin?

A

VII
IX
X
Prothrombin II

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12
Q

How long does it take for warfarin to be effective?

A

4-5 days

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13
Q

What is monitored with warfarin

A

INR

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14
Q

How does Dabigatran work?

A

Thrombin inhibitor

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15
Q

How long does dabigatran take to work?

A

Immediately effective so needs no monitoring

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16
Q

What is aspirin mechanism of action?

A

inhibits platelet aggregation

COX inhibitor

17
Q

What is clopidogrel mechanism of action?

A

Irreversibly locks ADP effects on platelets. Works synergistically with aspirin

18
Q

Give an example of a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist

A

Eptifibatide

Tirofiban

19
Q

When are glycoprotein receptor antagonists given?

A

Given IV wit aspirin and heparin to high risk MI patients awaiting PCI

20
Q

When are thrombolytics used?

A

In MI to lyse thrombus

21
Q

What is the time frame for thrombolysis?

A

3 hours (or within 4.5 hour window)

22
Q

What is a thrombolytic drug?

A

Streptokinase

Alteplase

Pharma (22 decks)

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