Diuretics Flashcards
Which 2 hormones in the body are normally responsible for reabsorption of water and NaCl
Vasopressin (ADH)
Aldosterone
How does ADH work?
Increases the number of AQP-2 channels allowing passive H2O reabsorption
Where is ADH released from?
Posterior Pituitary
What is the pathophysiology of Diabetes Insipidus and how is it treated?
Absence of ADH means than excess water is excreted, treated with Vasopressin
How does Aldosterone work?
Stimulates Na reabsorption in the distal tubule
How do diuretics work?
Increase excretion of NaCl and water
What are Thiazide diuretics used for?
Mild heart failure
Hypertension
What part of the nephron do Thiazides work on and what is excreted?
Distal Tubule, causing excretion of water, K and H
What are the potential side effects of using Thiazide diuretics?
Hypokalaemia (arrhythmias) Metabolic Alkalosis Gout Decreased glucose tolerance (NOT USED IN DIABETICS) Increased lipid concentration
Give some examples of thiazide like diuretics
Bendroflumethiazide
Where do loop diuretics act and what’s the implcation?
Thick ascending loop of Henle
This makes them the strongest diuretics as most NaCl is absorbed from here.
What are the side effects of Loop Diuretics?
Hypokalaemia
Hypotension
Hypovolaemia
Irreversible Deafness- electrolyte changes in endolymph
When can thiazides not be used?
Diabetics
Those with impaired kidney function
Give some examples of Loop Diuretics
Furosemide
Bumetanide
How do Potassium sparing diuretics work?
Act on Aldosterone
